Subterranean Border Defense Act

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Bill ID: 119/hr/495
Last Updated: July 29, 2026

Sponsored by

Rep. Crane, Elijah [R-AZ-2]

ID: C001132

Follow the money

The bill

Subterranean Border Defense Act

HR. 495, 119th Congress — read as touching Defense Contractors.

The sponsor

Rep. Crane, Elijah [R-AZ-2]

Every bill has someone who introduced it. That name is where the paper trail starts.

The money

$140,418 raised

22 itemised contributions to this sponsor, pulled from FEC filings.

The alignment

85% match to Project 2025

This bill's text tracks the "Department of Homeland Security" section, p. 201-204 of the Mandate for Leadership.

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

March 10, 2025

Introduced

Committee Review

Floor Action

Passed House

Senate Review

📍 Current Status

Next: Both chambers must agree on the same version of the bill.

🎉

Passed Congress

🖊️

Presidential Action

⚖️

Became Law

📚 How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

(sigh) Oh joy, another "solution" from the geniuses in Congress. Let's dissect this trainwreck.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The Subterranean Border Defense Act (HR 495) claims to address the pressing issue of illicit cross-border tunnels by requiring annual reports on counter-tunnel operations. Wow, I bet the cartels are shaking in their boots at the prospect of more paperwork.

In reality, this bill is a classic case of "legislative theater" – a meaningless gesture designed to appease voters and distract from the actual problems. The real purpose? To give politicians a talking point for their next campaign speech: "I'm tough on border security!" Meanwhile, the underlying issues of corruption, lack of resources, and ineffective policies remain unaddressed.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill amends an existing law (James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act) by requiring annual reports on counter-tunnel operations. That's it. No new funding, no additional personnel, no actual solutions – just more bureaucratic busywork.

This is a classic symptom of "Administrative Bloat Disease" – the tendency to create more paperwork and red tape instead of addressing the root causes of problems. It's like treating a patient with a severe case of gangrene by applying a Band-Aid.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The usual suspects: politicians looking for soundbites, bureaucrats seeking job security, and voters who think this will actually make a difference. Meanwhile, the cartels and smugglers will continue to laugh all the way to their next tunnel-digging project.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** This bill will have zero impact on the actual problem of illicit cross-border tunnels. It's a placebo policy designed to pacify voters while allowing politicians to maintain the status quo. The real implications? More waste, more inefficiency, and more opportunities for corruption and abuse.

In conclusion, HR 495 is a textbook example of "Legislative Malpractice" – a deliberate attempt to deceive voters and avoid actual solutions. It's time to call out these charlatans in Congress and demand real action instead of empty rhetoric. (eyeroll)

Related Topics

Immigration & Border Security
Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (Dr. Haus personality)

💰 Campaign Finance Network

Rep. Crane, Elijah [R-AZ-2]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions
$140,418
14 donors
PACs
$0
Organizations
$6,600
Committees
$0
Individuals
$133,818

No PAC contributions found

1
AK-CHIN INDIAN COMMUNITY
2 transactions
$6,600

No committee contributions found

1
ADAMS, MICHAEL A.
4 transactions
$26,400
2
MAST, DAVID
3 transactions
$19,450
3
STALLINGS, KYLE MR.
2 transactions
$16,600
4
LAMELAS, PETER
2 transactions
$13,200
5
HILL, VERNON
1 transaction
$7,318
6
MIRELES, OMAR
1 transaction
$6,600
7
HINMAN, ROY H. MR. II
1 transaction
$6,600
8
KEMMERER, KAREN
1 transaction
$6,600
9
WALTER, DAVID
1 transaction
$6,600
10
WALTER, JENNIFER
1 transaction
$6,600
11
BEAMAN, LEE MR.
1 transaction
$6,250
12
ROGERS, GARY RAYMOND
1 transaction
$5,800
13
SENN, MARVIN
1 transaction
$5,800

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 8 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Rep. Correa, J. Luis [D-CA-46]

ID: C001110

Top Contributors

34

1
AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE
COMWASHINGTON, DC
$500
Jun 14, 2024
2
SANTA YENEZ BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationSANTA YNEZ, CA
$5,000
Aug 19, 2024
3
SAN MANUEL BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationLOS ANGELES, CA
$3,300
Aug 13, 2024
4
AGUA CALIENTE BAND OF CAHUILLA INDIANS
OrganizationPALM SPRINGS, CA
$3,300
Dec 18, 2023
5
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
OrganizationROHNERT PARK, CA
$3,300
May 25, 2023
6
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
OrganizationROHNERT PARK, CA
$3,300
May 25, 2023
7
HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE
OrganizationUPPER LAKE, CA
$3,300
Sep 15, 2023
8
SHINGLE SPRINGS BAND MIWOK INDIANS
OrganizationSHINGLE SPRINGS, CA
$2,000
Sep 26, 2024
9
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationBANNING, CA
$2,000
Apr 22, 2024
10
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationBANNING, CA
$2,000
Sep 15, 2023

Rep. Biggs, Andy [R-AZ-5]

ID: B001302

Top Contributors

20

1
TAYLOR, MARGARETTA J
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Dec 15, 2023
2
TAYLOR, MARGARETTA J
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Dec 15, 2023
3
MCCLEVE, LONNIE
SELF EMPLOYED • DEVELOPER
IndividualQUEEN CREEK, AZ
$3,300
Oct 16, 2023
4
BENSON, LEE
LEE BENSON • CEO
IndividualMESA, AZ
$3,300
Oct 18, 2023
5
FAUST, ANNE R
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualNEWTOWN SQUARE, PA
$3,300
Oct 6, 2023
6
BENSON, LEE
LEE BENSON • CEO
IndividualMESA, AZ
$3,300
Oct 18, 2023
7
BROPHY, DANIEL
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualJACKSON, WY
$3,300
Dec 21, 2023
8
LONDEN, PRISCILLA
LONDEN INSURANCE GROUP • EXECUTIVE
IndividualPHOENIX, AZ
$3,300
Mar 7, 2023
9
ALLEN, GWYNDA S
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualSUN LAKES, AZ
$3,300
Mar 22, 2023
10
COOLEY, WILLIAM
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualWEST PALM BEACH, FL
$3,300
Mar 7, 2023

Rep. Gosar, Paul A. [R-AZ-9]

ID: G000565

Top Contributors

23

1
COLORADO RIVER INDIANS TRIBES
OrganizationPARKER, AZ
$2,000
Sep 21, 2023
2
COLORADO RIVER INDIANS TRIBES
OrganizationPARKER, AZ
$1,000
Jun 29, 2024
3
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationBANNING, CA
$1,000
Jul 19, 2023
4
SCHIRMER, SCOTT
M3 COMP • EXECUTIVE
IndividualSCOTTSDALE, AZ
$5,000
May 20, 2024
5
SMITH, RYAN
SELF EMPLOYED • ENTREPRENEUR
IndividualSCOTTSDALE, AZ
$5,000
May 20, 2024
6
SCHIRMER, SCOTT
IndividualSCOTTSDALE, AZ
$5,000
Jun 5, 2024
7
SMITH, RYAN
IndividualSCOTTSDALE, AZ
$5,000
Jun 5, 2024
8
TAPIA, DONALD
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualPARADISE VALLEY, AZ
$5,000
Aug 29, 2024
9
TAPIA, DONALD
IndividualPARADISE VALLEY, AZ
$5,000
Sep 9, 2024
10
O'KEEFFE, WILLIAM
SAFTI • PRESIDENT
IndividualSAN FRANCISCO, CA
$5,000
Oct 23, 2024

Rep. Higgins, Clay [R-LA-3]

ID: H001077

Top Contributors

20

1
HEBERT, MARC
JONES WALKER • ATTORNEY
IndividualMETAIRIE, LA
$3,500
Sep 8, 2024
2
HAMER, GREGORY J MR. SR
B&G FOOD ENTERPRISES LLC. • CORP. SECRETARY
IndividualMORGAN CITY, LA
$3,300
Nov 25, 2024
3
FREY, GERARD A.
SELF EMPLOYED • FARMERS
IndividualIOTA, LA
$3,300
Nov 5, 2024
4
CRAPPEL, ADAM
AE OFFICE MACHINES • PRESIDENT
IndividualPATTERSON, LA
$3,300
Mar 31, 2023
5
UIHLEIN, RICHARD
ULINE • CEO
IndividualLAKE BLUFF, IL
$3,300
Jan 26, 2023
6
BOLLINGER, DONALD
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualNEW ORLEANS, LA
$3,300
Mar 7, 2023
7
BOLLINGER, DONALD
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualNEW ORLEANS, LA
$3,300
Mar 7, 2023
8
COOLEY, WILLIAM
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualWEST PALM BEACH, FL
$3,300
Mar 7, 2023
9
HAMER, GREGORY J MR. SR
BG FOOD ENTERPRISES LLC • EXECUTIVE
IndividualMORGAN CITY, LA
$3,300
Mar 12, 2024
10
DAVIS, JORDAN
WESTERN CONSTRUCTION ROOFING • SALES PROJECT MANAGER
IndividualHARRISON, ID
$3,300
Jan 9, 2024

Rep. Luttrell, Morgan [R-TX-8]

ID: L000603

Top Contributors

24

1
ALABAMA-COUSHATTA TRIBE
OrganizationWOODVILLE, TX
$3,300
Dec 21, 2023
2
TIGUA INDIAN RES.-YSLETA DEL SUR PUEBLO
OrganizationEL PASO, TX
$3,300
Jun 20, 2023
3
ALABAMA-COUSHATTA TRIBE
OrganizationWOODVILLE, TX
$3,300
Sep 27, 2024
4
TIGUA INDIAN RES.-YSLETA DEL SUR PUEBLO
OrganizationEL PASO, TX
$2,500
Sep 20, 2024
5
GRIFFIN, KENNETH
CITADEL LLC • FOUNDER CEO
IndividualMIAMI BEACH, FL
$6,600
Apr 10, 2023
6
SINGER, PAUL
ELLIOTT INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT • CO-CEO CO-CIO PRESIDENT
IndividualPALM BEACH, FL
$6,600
Apr 10, 2023
7
STEDMAN, STUART
STEDMAN WEST INTERESTS INC. • INVESTOR/PRESIDENT
IndividualHOUSTON, TX
$6,600
Jun 22, 2023
8
FISHER, KENNETH
FISHER INVESTMENTS • EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN
IndividualPLANO, TX
$6,600
May 23, 2024
9
FISHER, SHERRILYN
PLANO 6500 LLC • MEMBER
IndividualPLANO, TX
$6,600
May 23, 2024
10
ERICKSON, MARILYN
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualPOWELL, TN
$6,600
Jul 6, 2024

Rep. Ogles, Andrew [R-TN-5]

ID: O000175

Top Contributors

20

1
WINTERSTEEN, JAMES
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualMILL VALLEY, CA
$13,200
Jun 27, 2024
2
FISHER, KENNETH L.
FISHER INVESTMENTS • EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN
IndividualPLANO, TX
$6,600
May 23, 2024
3
FISHER, SHERRILYN
PLANO 6500 LLC • MEMBER
IndividualPLANO, TX
$6,600
May 23, 2024
4
RAMSEY, DAVE
RAMSEY • CEO
IndividualCOLLEGE GROVE, TN
$6,600
Jul 27, 2024
5
MOSING, GREG
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualBROUSSARD, LA
$6,600
Jul 24, 2024
6
SHOCKLEY, QIANG
QIANG SHOCKLEY • TECHNICIAN
IndividualIRVINE, CA
$6,600
Jun 8, 2023
7
BEAMAN, LEE MR.
BEAMAN VENTURES • INVESTOR
IndividualNASHVILLE, TN
$6,600
Apr 13, 2023
8
GUO, MING
INTEL INC • MANAGER
IndividualCUPERTINO, CA
$6,600
Jun 2, 2023
9
KENNINGER, STEVEN
QMO LLC • INVESTOR
IndividualAUSTIN, TX
$6,600
Sep 25, 2023
10
JAQUISH, GAIL
JURIX, INC. • PSYCHOLOGIST
IndividualAUSTIN, TX
$6,600
Sep 26, 2023

Rep. Guest, Michael [R-MS-3]

ID: G000591

Top Contributors

26

1
RMS MANAGEMENT SERVICES, LLC
OrganizationHOOVER, AL
$2,500
Sep 17, 2024
2
DUNAGIN PEST SOLUTIONS LLC
OrganizationHATTIESBURG, MS
$1,650
Sep 17, 2024
3
DUNAGIN PEST SOLUTIONS LLC
OrganizationHATTIESBURG, MS
$1,650
Sep 17, 2024
4
MS BAND OF CHOCTAW INDIANS
OrganizationCHOCTAW, MS
$1,000
Sep 30, 2023
5
CLAW FORESTRY SERVICES, LLC
OrganizationJACKSON, SC
$1,000
Sep 30, 2024
6
VILLAGE OF MADISON, LLC
OrganizationMADISON, MS
$500
Sep 30, 2024
7
BLACKWELL, DEAN
SELF EMPLOYED • PHYSICIAN
IndividualJACKSON, MS
$3,300
Nov 3, 2024
8
DAVIS, LESLEY
MS ADVOCACY GROUP • PUBLIC POLICY
IndividualFLOWOOD, MS
$3,300
Oct 21, 2024
9
DOZIER, ROBERT HUGH
MIPA • EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
IndividualRIDGELAND, MS
$3,300
Oct 31, 2024
10
DUFF, THOMAS M
SOUTHERN TIRE MART • OWNER
IndividualHATTIESBURG, MS
$3,300
Oct 31, 2024

Rep. Gillen, Laura [D-NY-4]

ID: G000602

Top Contributors

24

1
RALLYE MOTORS
OrganizationROSLYN, NY
$6,000
Jul 18, 2023
2
RALLYE MOTORS
OrganizationROSLYN, NY
$6,000
Jun 5, 2023
3
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
OrganizationROHNERT PARK, CA
$1,000
Aug 1, 2024
4
STONE, JAMES M
PLYMOUTH ROCK COMPANY, INC. • EXECUTIVE
IndividualBOSTON, MA
$5,000
Oct 16, 2024
5
FAIVUS, HARRY E
SELF-EMPLOYED • OPHTHALMOLOGIST
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$5,000
Nov 1, 2024
6
STONE, JAMES M
PLYMOUTH ROCK COMPANY, INC. • EXECUTIVE
IndividualBOSTON, MA
$5,000
Oct 16, 2024
7
HELFER, RICKI
N/A • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualWASHINGTON, DC
$4,000
Sep 10, 2024
8
ANDEER, KYLE
APPLE INC • ATTORNEY
IndividualSAN FRANCISCO, CA
$3,300
Mar 27, 2024
9
BINDER, CHARLES
SELF-EMPLOYED • ATTORNEY
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Mar 21, 2024
10
BURNSTEIN, CLIFFORD
Q PRIME • MANAGER
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Mar 28, 2024

Donor Network - Rep. Crane, Elijah [R-AZ-2]

PACs
Organizations
Individuals
Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

Loading...

Showing 43 nodes and 62 connections

Total contributions: $62

Top Donors - Rep. Crane, Elijah [R-AZ-2]

Showing top 14 donors by contribution amount

1 Org13 Individuals

Industry Impact

Which industries are materially affected by specific provisions in this bill. 2 helped.

  • +Defense Contractorsconfidence 0.80

    The bill amends the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, which suggests increased focus on defense operations, potentially benefiting defense contractors (SEC. 2).

  • The bill's focus on counter illicit cross-border tunnel operations may involve law enforcement and surveillance technology, potentially benefiting the industry (SEC. 2).

Who funds the sponsor on these industries

For each industry this bill affects, here's what the sponsor (Rep. Crane, Elijah [R-AZ-2])received from donors associated with that industry during the 2022–present cycles. Donations are not proof of intent — they are a record of who funds the people writing the law.

Industries this bill HELPS

  • from 40 contributions
    • LEHMAN, MARY$570
    • SCHULZ, PAUL$448
    • KIRKLAND, DAN$160
    • COLANERI, BERTRAND$141
    • STUMP, GEORGE$60

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document.AI-enhanced analysis provides detailed alignment ratings.

Department of Homeland Security

Strong
Vector: 63%
Pages: 201-204AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill's requirement for annual reports on counter-illicit cross-border tunnel operations directly supports the Department of Homeland Security's border security mission outlined in Project 2025, enhancing oversight and strategy development against illicit smuggling activities."

Key themes:border securityillicit tunnel detectionDHS oversightcounter-smugglingcongressional reporting

— 168 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise ENDNOTES 1. H.R. 5005, Homeland Security Act of 2002, Public Law No. 107-296, 107th Congress, November 25, 2002, § 101(b)(1), https://www.congress.gov/107/plaws/publ296/PLAW-107publ296.pdf (accessed March 14, 2023). 2. See, for example, “Elon Musk Slams CISA Censorship Network as ‘Propaganda Platform,’” Kanekoa News, December 28, 2022, https://kanekoa.substack.com/p/elon-musk-slams-cisa-censorship-network (accessed March 14, 2023). 3. H.R. 2680, An Act to Amend the Immigration and Nationality Act, and for Other Purposes, Public Law No. 89-236, 89th Congress, October 3, 1965, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-79/pdf/STATUTE-79- Pg911.pdf (accessed March 14, 2023). 4. Added to the Immigration and Nationality Act by the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996. See H.R. 3610, Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act, 1997, Public Law No. 104-208, 104th Congress, September 30, 1996, Division C, https://www.congress.gov/104/plaws/publ208/ PLAW-104publ208.pdf (accessed March 14, 2023). 5. 8 U.S. Code, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8 (accessed March 14, 2023). 6. 18 U.S. Code, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18 (accessed March 14, 2023). 7. 5 U.S. Code §§ 551–559, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-I/chapter-5/subchapter-II (accessed March 14, 2023). 8. Table, “United States Citizenship and Immigration Services Budget Comparison and Adjustments Appropriation and PPA Summary,” in U.S. Department of Homeland Security, United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, Department of Homeland Security, United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, Budget Overview, Fiscal Year 2023 Congressional Justification, p. CIS-4, https://www.uscis.gov/ sites/default/files/document/reports/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services%E2%80%99_Budget_ Overview_Document_for%20Fiscal_Year_2023.pdf#:~:text=The%20FY%202023%20Budget%20includes%20 %24913.6M%2C%204%2C001%20positions%3B,of%20%24444.1M%20above%20the%20FY%202022%20 President%E2%80%99s%20Budget (accessed March 14, 2023), and Table, “United States Citizenship and Immigration Services Comparison of Budget Authority and Request,” in ibid., p. CIS-5. 9. H.R. 7311, William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008, Public Law No. 110-457, 110th Congress, December 23, 2008, § 235, https://www.congress.gov/110/plaws/publ457/PLAW- 110publ457.pdf (accessed March 15, 2023). 10. Matter of A-B-, Respondent, 27 I&N Dec. 316 (A.G. 2018), https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1070866/ download (accessed January 18, 2023). 11. Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387 (2012), https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/567/387/ (accessed January 18, 2023). 12. Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act [Public Law 93–288; Approved May 22, 1974] [As Amended Through P.L. 117–328, Enacted December 29, 2022], https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/ COMPS-2977/pdf/COMPS-2977.pdf (accessed March 15, 2023). 13. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Budget Overview, Fiscal Year 2023 Congressional Justification, p. FEMA-24, https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2022-03/Federal%20Emergency%20 Management%20Agency_Remediated.pdf (accessed March 15, 2023). 14. Report, United States Secret Service: An Agency in Crisis, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, U.S. House of Representatives, 114th Congress, December 9, 2015, https://republicans-oversight.house.gov/ wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Oversight-USSS-Report.pdf (accessed January 18, 2023). 15. 5 U.S. Code § 7103, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/7103 (accessed March 15, 2023). 16. S. 3418, Privacy Act of 1974, Public Law No. 93-579, 93rd Congress, December 31, 1974, https://www.govinfo. gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-88/pdf/STATUTE-88-Pg1896.pdf (accessed March 15, 2023). 17. H.R. 1428, Judicial Redress Act of 2015, Public Law No. 114-126, 114th Congress, February 24, 2016, https://www. congress.gov/114/plaws/publ126/PLAW-114publ126.pdf (accessed March 15, 2023). 18. H.R. 1158, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, Public Law No. 116-93, 116th Congress, December 20, 2019, https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/1158 (accessed January 18, 2023).

Department of Homeland Security

Strong
Vector: 62%
Pages: 201-204AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill's mandate for annual reports on counter-illicit cross-border tunnel operations directly supports the Department of Homeland Security's Project 2025 objective of strengthening border security and improving oversight of illicit tunnel activities."

Key themes:border securityillicit tunnel detectionDHS reporting requirementscongressional oversightnational security

— 168 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise ENDNOTES 1. H.R. 5005, Homeland Security Act of 2002, Public Law No. 107-296, 107th Congress, November 25, 2002, § 101(b)(1), https://www.congress.gov/107/plaws/publ296/PLAW-107publ296.pdf (accessed March 14, 2023). 2. See, for example, “Elon Musk Slams CISA Censorship Network as ‘Propaganda Platform,’” Kanekoa News, December 28, 2022, https://kanekoa.substack.com/p/elon-musk-slams-cisa-censorship-network (accessed March 14, 2023). 3. H.R. 2680, An Act to Amend the Immigration and Nationality Act, and for Other Purposes, Public Law No. 89-236, 89th Congress, October 3, 1965, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-79/pdf/STATUTE-79- Pg911.pdf (accessed March 14, 2023). 4. Added to the Immigration and Nationality Act by the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996. See H.R. 3610, Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act, 1997, Public Law No. 104-208, 104th Congress, September 30, 1996, Division C, https://www.congress.gov/104/plaws/publ208/ PLAW-104publ208.pdf (accessed March 14, 2023). 5. 8 U.S. Code, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8 (accessed March 14, 2023). 6. 18 U.S. Code, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18 (accessed March 14, 2023). 7. 5 U.S. Code §§ 551–559, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-I/chapter-5/subchapter-II (accessed March 14, 2023). 8. Table, “United States Citizenship and Immigration Services Budget Comparison and Adjustments Appropriation and PPA Summary,” in U.S. Department of Homeland Security, United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, Department of Homeland Security, United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, Budget Overview, Fiscal Year 2023 Congressional Justification, p. CIS-4, https://www.uscis.gov/ sites/default/files/document/reports/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services%E2%80%99_Budget_ Overview_Document_for%20Fiscal_Year_2023.pdf#:~:text=The%20FY%202023%20Budget%20includes%20 %24913.6M%2C%204%2C001%20positions%3B,of%20%24444.1M%20above%20the%20FY%202022%20 President%E2%80%99s%20Budget (accessed March 14, 2023), and Table, “United States Citizenship and Immigration Services Comparison of Budget Authority and Request,” in ibid., p. CIS-5. 9. H.R. 7311, William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008, Public Law No. 110-457, 110th Congress, December 23, 2008, § 235, https://www.congress.gov/110/plaws/publ457/PLAW- 110publ457.pdf (accessed March 15, 2023). 10. Matter of A-B-, Respondent, 27 I&N Dec. 316 (A.G. 2018), https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1070866/ download (accessed January 18, 2023). 11. Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387 (2012), https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/567/387/ (accessed January 18, 2023). 12. Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act [Public Law 93–288; Approved May 22, 1974] [As Amended Through P.L. 117–328, Enacted December 29, 2022], https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/ COMPS-2977/pdf/COMPS-2977.pdf (accessed March 15, 2023). 13. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Budget Overview, Fiscal Year 2023 Congressional Justification, p. FEMA-24, https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2022-03/Federal%20Emergency%20 Management%20Agency_Remediated.pdf (accessed March 15, 2023). 14. Report, United States Secret Service: An Agency in Crisis, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, U.S. House of Representatives, 114th Congress, December 9, 2015, https://republicans-oversight.house.gov/ wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Oversight-USSS-Report.pdf (accessed January 18, 2023). 15. 5 U.S. Code § 7103, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/7103 (accessed March 15, 2023). 16. S. 3418, Privacy Act of 1974, Public Law No. 93-579, 93rd Congress, December 31, 1974, https://www.govinfo. gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-88/pdf/STATUTE-88-Pg1896.pdf (accessed March 15, 2023). 17. H.R. 1428, Judicial Redress Act of 2015, Public Law No. 114-126, 114th Congress, February 24, 2016, https://www. congress.gov/114/plaws/publ126/PLAW-114publ126.pdf (accessed March 15, 2023). 18. H.R. 1158, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, Public Law No. 116-93, 116th Congress, December 20, 2019, https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/1158 (accessed January 18, 2023). — 169 — Department of Homeland Security 19. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Inspector General, Management Directive No. 0810.1, June 10, 2004, https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/foia/mgmt_directive_0810_1_the_office_of_inspector_general. pdf (accessed March 15, 2023). 20. H.R. 5005, Homeland Security Act of 2002, Public Law No. 107-296, 107th Congress, November 25, 2002, https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/5005 (accessed January 18, 2023).

Department of Homeland Security

Moderate
Vector: 65%
Pages: 183-185AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill focuses on enhancing detection and reporting of illicit cross-border tunnels, which aligns with Project 2025's broader border security and enforcement objectives under DHS, particularly in preventing unauthorized entry. However, it does not directly address the specific DHS policies outlined in Project 2025 such as asylum cooperation agreements, Remain in Mexico, detention mandates, or parole restrictions."

Key themes:border securityillicit cross-border activityDHS enforcementCongressional oversightnational security

— 151 — Department of Homeland Security l Employment authorization. Along with the legislative proposal, take regulatory action to limit the classes of aliens eligible for work authorization. Executive Orders l Pathways for border crossers 1. Direct the Department of State and the Department of Homeland Security to reinstate Asylum Cooperative Agreements with Northern Triangle Countries immediately. 2. Recommence negotiations with Mexico to fully implement the Remain in Mexico Protocols. 3. Reinstate, to the extent possible, expedited pathways with full credible fear/immigration court process (PACR and HARP). 4. Prohibit the use of Notices to Report, the use of any funds for travel into the interior of the United States, and government flights or transportation for aliens. 5. Mandate that ICE use all detention space in full compliance with Section 235 of the INA, issue weekly reports on detention capacity, and provide authority for low-level temporary capacity (for example, tents) once permanent space is full. 6. Eliminate the use of ATD for border crossers except in rare cases and only with the explicit authority of the Secretary. 7. Prohibit the use of parole except in matters that are certified by the Secretary of Homeland Security as requiring action for humanitarian or significant public benefit reasons, and prohibit the use of parole in any categorical circumstance. l Enforcement 1. Restrict prosecutorial discretion to eliminate it as a “catch-all” excuse for limiting immigration enforcement. 2. Mandate the use of E-Verify for anyone doing business with the government. — 152 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise 3. Designate USCIS as Intelligence Community–adjacent, ensuring that it has access to national security and law enforcement databases. 4. Rescind all memoranda limiting enforcement of immigration laws including those identifying sensitive zones. 5. End ICE’s widespread use of termination and administrative closure of cases in immigration court. l Averting or curtailing a mass migration event 1. Provide that whenever the Secretary of Homeland Security determines that an actual or anticipated mass migration of aliens en route to or arriving off the coast of the U.S. presents urgent circumstances requiring an immediate federal response, the Secretary may make, subject to the approval of the President, rules and regulations prohibiting in whole or in part the introduction of persons from such countries or places as he or she shall designate in order to avert or curtail such mass migration and for such period of time as is deemed necessary, including through the expulsion of such aliens. Such rule and regulation making shall not be subject to the requirements of the Administrative Procedures Act. 2. Provide that notwithstanding any other provision of law, when the Secretary makes such a determination and then promulgates, subject to the approval of the President, such rules and regulations, the Secretary shall have the authority to waive all legal requirements of Title 8 that the Secretary, in his or her sole discretion, determines are necessary to avert or curtail the mass migration. Subregulatory Matters l USCIS priorities/structural changes 1. Ensure that focus is returned to vetting, base eligibility of applicants, and fraud detection. 2. Realign the Fraud Detection and National Security Directorate (FDNS) to ensure agencywide consistency on implementation of fraud detection and vetting policies. 3. Review and repeal any internal agency memo that is inconsistent with the priorities described in this chapter.

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About These Correlations

Policy matches are calculated using a hybrid approach: initial candidates are found using semantic similarity between bill summaries and Project 2025 policy text, then an AI model (Llama 3.1 70B) provides detailed alignment ratings and analysis. Ratings range from 1 (minimal alignment) to 5 (very strong alignment). This analysis does not imply direct causation or intent.

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