Federal Reserve Transparency Act of 2025

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Bill ID: 119/s/2327
Last Updated: December 12, 2025

Sponsored by

Sen. Paul, Rand [R-KY]

ID: P000603

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. Hearings held.

December 11, 2025

Introduced

Committee Review

📍 Current Status

Next: The bill moves to the floor for full chamber debate and voting.

🗳️

Floor Action

✅

Passed Senate

🏛️

House Review

🎉

Passed Congress

🖊️

Presidential Action

⚖️

Became Law

📚 How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

Another "transparency" bill from the esteemed members of Congress, because what's more transparent than a bunch of self-serving politicians trying to sound like they care about accountability? Let me put on my surgical gloves and dissect this farce.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The Federal Reserve Transparency Act of 2025 is a masterclass in Orwellian doublespeak. Its primary objective is to create the illusion of transparency while actually doing nothing to address the real issues with the Federal Reserve's secrecy. The bill's sponsors, led by Senator Paul, claim they want to "audit" the Fed, but what they really mean is that they want to pretend to care about accountability while lining their pockets with campaign donations from special interest groups.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill requires a full audit of the Federal Reserve System and its banks by the Comptroller General within 12 months. Sounds great, right? Except that this "audit" is just a rehashing of existing procedures with some minor tweaks. The real meat of the bill lies in the technical amendments, which are designed to confuse and obfuscate rather than clarify.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The Federal Reserve, naturally, will be affected by this bill. But let's not forget the real stakeholders: the politicians who sponsored this bill and their donors. Senator Paul, for example, has received significant campaign contributions from libertarian-leaning PACs and individuals who want to dismantle the Fed. Meanwhile, other sponsors like Senator Scott of Florida have ties to the banking industry, which will likely benefit from the bill's watered-down provisions.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** This bill is a perfect example of legislative theater. It will create a lot of noise about "transparency" and "accountability," but ultimately do nothing to address the real issues with the Federal Reserve's secrecy. The audit provision is a joke, as it won't actually reveal anything meaningful about the Fed's activities. Meanwhile, the technical amendments will likely benefit special interest groups at the expense of the general public.

In short, this bill is a symptom of a larger disease: the corruption and capture of our legislative process by special interests. It's a classic case of "legislative lupus," where politicians pretend to care about accountability while actually serving their own self-interests.

Diagnosis: Legislative Lupus (a.k.a. "Transparency Theater")

Treatment: A healthy dose of skepticism, followed by a strong antiseptic to clean out the corruption and special interests infecting our government.

Related Topics

Government Operations & Accountability Small Business & Entrepreneurship Congressional Rules & Procedures National Security & Intelligence Criminal Justice & Law Enforcement Transportation & Infrastructure Civil Rights & Liberties Federal Budget & Appropriations State & Local Government Affairs
Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (house personality)

💰 Campaign Finance Network

Sen. Paul, Rand [R-KY]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions
$1,164,409
852 donors
PACs
$0
Organizations
$0
Committees
$0
Individuals
$1,164,409

No PAC contributions found

No organization contributions found

No committee contributions found

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295
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2 transactions
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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487
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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491
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1 transaction
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492
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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532
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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543
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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FERRARINI, DAVID
1 transaction
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FIDLER, MICHAEL MR.
1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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595
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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612
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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614
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1 transaction
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615
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1 transaction
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616
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1 transaction
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617
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1 transaction
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618
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1 transaction
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619
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1 transaction
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620
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1 transaction
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621
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1 transaction
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622
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1 transaction
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623
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1 transaction
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624
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1 transaction
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625
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1 transaction
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626
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1 transaction
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627
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1 transaction
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628
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1 transaction
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629
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1 transaction
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630
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1 transaction
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631
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1 transaction
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632
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1 transaction
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633
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1 transaction
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634
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1 transaction
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635
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1 transaction
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636
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1 transaction
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637
KRUEGER, P.J.
1 transaction
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638
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1 transaction
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639
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1 transaction
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640
LAROCCA, RENATO V. DR. MD.
1 transaction
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641
LASSLETT, DONNA R. MS.
1 transaction
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642
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1 transaction
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643
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1 transaction
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644
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1 transaction
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645
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1 transaction
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646
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1 transaction
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647
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1 transaction
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648
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1 transaction
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649
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1 transaction
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1 transaction
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651
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1 transaction
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652
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1 transaction
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653
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1 transaction
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654
MAPLE, RALPH MR.
1 transaction
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655
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1 transaction
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656
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1 transaction
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657
MCALPINE, KEITH
1 transaction
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658
MCCAW, JOHN MR.
1 transaction
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659
MCDONALD, JUDY MS.
1 transaction
$500
660
MCDONALD, THOMAS
1 transaction
$500
661
MCGUIRE, SHARON R. MS.
1 transaction
$500
662
MCQUEEN, WILMA L. MRS.
1 transaction
$500
663
MEIER, CRAIG A. MR.
1 transaction
$500
664
MERINOFF, ALICIA
1 transaction
$500
665
MERRY, PETER MR.
1 transaction
$500
666
METCALFE, NORMAN
1 transaction
$500
667
MIDDLETON, DALE B. MR.
1 transaction
$500
668
MILLER, DAVID MR.
1 transaction
$500
669
MILLER, HARVEY
1 transaction
$500
670
MILLER, STEPHEN
1 transaction
$500
671
MIRSKY, CYNTHIA
1 transaction
$500
672
MOEHREN, HEINER H. MR.
1 transaction
$500
673
MOEHRING, ROBERT
1 transaction
$500
674
MOELLER, THOMAS
1 transaction
$500
675
MOHOLLAND, BARBARA
1 transaction
$500
676
MORRIS, ROBERT E. MR. JR.
1 transaction
$500
677
MOYER, JON M. MR.
1 transaction
$500
678
MULZER, ANDREA
1 transaction
$500
679
MUMFORD, JUDITH L.
1 transaction
$500
680
MURATA, HENRY Y. MR.
1 transaction
$500
681
MYERS, BOYD DOUGLAS
1 transaction
$500
682
NIKKEL, JOHN G. MR.
1 transaction
$500
683
O'CONNOR, WILLIAM C. MR.
1 transaction
$500
684
O'HARE, JOHN MR.
1 transaction
$500
685
ODOM, MARCIA COLEMAN MS
1 transaction
$500
686
OKUMOTO-MILLER, KATHRYN K. MS.
1 transaction
$500
687
ORR, KEITH
1 transaction
$500
688
OWENS, CARL
1 transaction
$500
689
PADDECK, EDWARD L. MR.
1 transaction
$500
690
PARKER, PATRICIA
1 transaction
$500
691
PARKER, SUSAN MS.
1 transaction
$500
692
PAULSON, ROBERT
1 transaction
$500
693
PENNINGTON, SHERRIE L. MS.
1 transaction
$500
694
PETERSON, SHARON
1 transaction
$500
695
PFANNENSTIEL, JOHN
1 transaction
$500
696
PHILIPPO, ANN MS.
1 transaction
$500
697
PHILLIPS, ROBERT A. MR.
1 transaction
$500
698
PILLOW, JANELLE MS.
1 transaction
$500
699
PINK, JEFF
1 transaction
$500
700
PLACEK, RICHARD MR.
1 transaction
$500
701
PLATT, ELAINE T.
1 transaction
$500
702
POOR, WESLEY SHAUN
1 transaction
$500
703
POORTINGA, JACK MR.
1 transaction
$500
704
POPLIN, KAY MS.
1 transaction
$500
705
PORTER, BART D.
1 transaction
$500
706
POWELL, FITZHUGH K. MR.
1 transaction
$500
707
POWELL, L. FAYE MS.
1 transaction
$500
708
PRATER, TILMAN J. MR. III
1 transaction
$500
709
PRZILAS, PHYLLIS MRS.
1 transaction
$500
710
PUCKETT, RANDELL VIOYT MR.
1 transaction
$500
711
PULLIAM, MARK E.
1 transaction
$500
712
PURVIS, RONALD
1 transaction
$500
713
RAFF, PATRICIA MS.
1 transaction
$500
714
RAFFIN, BERNADETTE MRS
1 transaction
$500
715
REILLY, JOHN F.
1 transaction
$500
716
REINHARD, DONALD G. MR.
1 transaction
$500
717
RESCH, JAMES
1 transaction
$500
718
RESLER, CARL
1 transaction
$500
719
REYNOLDS, MARY SHARON MRS.
1 transaction
$500
720
RHEIN, PETER MR
1 transaction
$500
721
RIGGS, RUSSELL P. MR.
1 transaction
$500
722
RISIUS, BARBARA F. DR. M.D.
1 transaction
$500
723
ROBERTS, BEN
1 transaction
$500
724
ROBINETTE, VICTORIA A.
1 transaction
$500
725
ROE, RICHARD
1 transaction
$500
726
ROGERS, CLARENCE B.
1 transaction
$500
727
RUDOLPH, RUTH S. MS
1 transaction
$500
728
RUSSELL, ANDREW
1 transaction
$500
729
RUTLEDGE, WILLIAM H. MR. JR.
1 transaction
$500
730
RYBOLT, WILLIAM
1 transaction
$500
731
SAMPLE, WILLIAM S. MR. WWII VET
1 transaction
$500
732
SANBRANO, PAUL MR.
1 transaction
$500
733
SAWYER, JOHN E. MSGT RETIRED
1 transaction
$500
734
SAXER, NORMAN K.
1 transaction
$500
735
SCHAEFER, ROBERT W. MR.
1 transaction
$500
736
SCHELLER, JOSEPH B. MR
1 transaction
$500
737
SCHMIDT, CHARLES MR.
1 transaction
$500
738
SCHOLL, CHESTER L. MR.
1 transaction
$500
739
SCHUBERT, MARGARET MRS.
1 transaction
$500
740
SCHULMAN, JOSEPH
1 transaction
$500
741
SCHULTZ, ROBERT
1 transaction
$500
742
SCHWARZ, ERIC R.
1 transaction
$500
743
SCHWEEN, JOHN R. MR. JR.
1 transaction
$500
744
SEAMON, EDWARD B.
1 transaction
$500
745
SEARS, LARRY DR.
1 transaction
$500
746
SECOR, RICHARD MR.
1 transaction
$500
747
SEKOWSKI, KATHERINE J. MRS.
1 transaction
$500
748
SENSING, LUCY T. MRS.
1 transaction
$500
749
SHAW, JOHN MR.
1 transaction
$500
750
SHAW, WILLIAM W. MR.
1 transaction
$500
751
SHINKLE, R KEITH MR.
1 transaction
$500
752
SHLANSKY, DAVID
1 transaction
$500
753
SHUPE, JEFFERY
1 transaction
$500
754
SIMON, BEVERLY A. MS.
1 transaction
$500
755
SIMONS, CARL I. MR.
1 transaction
$500
756
SINGLETON, ROBERT F.
1 transaction
$500
757
SITKO, JAN B.
1 transaction
$500
758
SLAVIK, PAUL MR.
1 transaction
$500
759
SMITH, ELENOR C. MRS.
1 transaction
$500
760
SMITH, FRAN
1 transaction
$500
761
SMITH, GENE E.
1 transaction
$500
762
SNOWBARGER, RONALD MR.
1 transaction
$500
763
SPARKS, SHAWN
1 transaction
$500
764
SPOLAR, DICKSIE
1 transaction
$500
765
SREDNICKI, RICHARD J. MRS.
1 transaction
$500
766
STAHL, TOM MR.
1 transaction
$500
767
STAINBROOK, FRED LEROY
1 transaction
$500
768
STARKEY, ROD MR.
1 transaction
$500
769
STERN, JAMES MR.
1 transaction
$500
770
STEVENS, THOMAS
1 transaction
$500
771
STRAUCH, RANDOLPH
1 transaction
$500
772
STROMQUIST, DAVID
1 transaction
$500
773
STUCKERT, JAMES MR.
1 transaction
$500
774
SUMMERVILL, CHRISTIE
1 transaction
$500
775
SUTER, GEORGE B. MR.
1 transaction
$500
776
SYVRUD, JAMES P. MR.
1 transaction
$500
777
TAFOYA, SAUNDRA J.
1 transaction
$500
778
TALLARD, JEFFREY E.
1 transaction
$500
779
TALLMAN, ROBERT E. MR. JR.
1 transaction
$500
780
TESCHAN, PAUL DR.
1 transaction
$500
781
THEBERGE, BARBARA
1 transaction
$500
782
THOMPSON, DAVID
1 transaction
$500
783
TODD, GEORGE W. MR.
1 transaction
$500
784
TRIBLE, JOHN R. MR. II
1 transaction
$500
785
TROMETTER, VINCENT P.
1 transaction
$500
786
TUROWSKI, DANIEL M. MR.
1 transaction
$500
787
VAN KUIKEN, NORMA MRS
1 transaction
$500
788
VANDERWEY, GINA MS.
1 transaction
$500
789
VANNELL, HARRY III
1 transaction
$500
790
VANWYK, CHRIS MRS.
1 transaction
$500
791
VERKLER, DIANNE J. MS.
1 transaction
$500
792
VIZCAINO, ANTONIO MR.
1 transaction
$500
793
VON DER HOFEN, HAN
1 transaction
$500
794
VUCINICH, TINA MS.
1 transaction
$500
795
WAHL, TAMI L.
1 transaction
$500
796
WAINRIGHT, JOSEPH MR.
1 transaction
$500
797
WALKER, JACK MR.
1 transaction
$500
798
WALL, ARVEL
1 transaction
$500
799
WARD, LINDA
1 transaction
$500
800
WASHAM, REBECCA
1 transaction
$500
801
WEBB, ELIZABETH
1 transaction
$500
802
WEBER, BRAD WESLEY MR.
1 transaction
$500
803
WECK, THOMAS
1 transaction
$500
804
WEGNER, RUTH ANN MS.
1 transaction
$500
805
WELCH, CLARE A. MS.
1 transaction
$500
806
WELDON, DIANE
1 transaction
$500
807
WESTCAMP, JESSIE G. MRS.
1 transaction
$500
808
WHIPPLE, MICHAEL MR.
1 transaction
$500
809
WIEGAND, RODNEY W. MR.
1 transaction
$500
810
WIESEMANN, RICHARD J. MR.
1 transaction
$500
811
WIKSTROM, LESLIE
1 transaction
$500
812
WILLIAMS, ANGELA H. MS.
1 transaction
$500
813
WILLIAMSON, BARRY D. MR.
1 transaction
$500
814
WINFREE, JAMES HAMILTON
1 transaction
$500
815
WOGAHN, BRENT M. MR.
1 transaction
$500
816
WOLFSHOHL, WILLIAM
1 transaction
$500
817
WRIGHT, MARY
1 transaction
$500
818
ZIMMERMAN, BILLIE MS.
1 transaction
$500

Data from FEC bulk files • 2024 election cycle

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 6 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Sen. Scott, Rick [R-FL]

ID: S001217

Top Contributors

10

1
FAIRWAY INVESTMENTS, LLC
Organization GREENVILLE, SC
$13,200
May 23, 2023
2
FAIRWAY INVESTMENTS, LLC
Organization GREENVILLE, SC
$3,300
May 23, 2023
3
MK INTERNATIONAL LLC
Organization SUMTER, SC
$3,300
May 23, 2023
4
OSWALD COOKE & ASSOCIATES, LLC
Organization MOUNT PLEASANT, SC
$1,500
May 23, 2023
5
HUDSON CAPITAL ADVISORS LLC
Organization JERSEY CITY, NJ
$1,000
Oct 27, 2023
6
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
Organization BANNING, CA
$1,000
May 7, 2024
7
SEMINOLE TRIBE OF FLORIDA
Organization HOLLYWOOD, FL
$3,300
Aug 23, 2023
8
SEMINOLE TRIBE OF FLORIDA
Organization HOLLYWOOD, FL
$3,300
Aug 16, 2024
9
MICCOSUKEE TRIBE
Organization MIAMI, FL
$1,000
Jan 30, 2024
10
YOCHA DEHE WINTUN NATION
Organization BROOKS, CA
$3,300
Jun 30, 2023

Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN]

ID: B001243

Top Contributors

10

1
FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC
PAC VIRGINIA BEACH, VA
$5,000
Apr 12, 2023
2
THE COGGIN GROUP
Organization MURFREESBORO, TN
$2,900
Mar 9, 2023
3
THE COGGIN GROUP
Organization MURFREESBORO, TN
$2,500
Mar 9, 2023
4
DOSS BROTHERS FARM
Organization LAWRENCEBURG, TN
$1,000
Apr 17, 2024
5
DOSS BROTHERS FARM
Organization LAWRENCEBURG, TN
$1,000
Mar 18, 2024
6
BL PARTNERS GROUP LLC
Organization ARLINGTON, VA
$500
Mar 17, 2023
7
KING, RODNEY W.
SELF-EMPLOYED • ATTORNEY
Individual GERMANTOWN, TN
$13,200
Apr 4, 2024
8
BEAN, BILL G.
HANNING & BEAN ENTERPRISES INC. • REAL ESTATE INVESTOR
Individual COLUMBIA CITY, IN
$10,000
May 1, 2024
9
SMITH, THOMAS
PRESCOTT INVESTORS INC. • INVESTOR
Individual BOCA RATON, FL
$10,000
May 13, 2024
10
GAMBLE, KATHRYN
UNAKA CO • BUSINESS EXECUTIVE
Individual DALLAS, TX
$9,900
Jul 15, 2024

Sen. Risch, James E. [R-ID]

ID: R000584

Top Contributors

10

1
CRW RESOURCES
Organization COEUR D ALENE, ID
$1,000
Feb 29, 2024
2
JAMESTOWN S'KLALLAM TRIBE
Organization SEQUIM, WA
$1,000
Jun 30, 2023
3
BUSH CREEK 23 LLC
Organization VENTURA, CA
$1,000
Sep 30, 2023
4
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
Organization ROHNERT PARK, CA
$1,000
Aug 5, 2024
5
GVS PROPERTIES LLC
Organization WOODY CREEK, CO
$570
Aug 1, 2023
6
GVS PROPERTIES LLC
Organization WOODY CREEK, CO
$200
Aug 1, 2023
7
SNELL, PETER
ARBELLA CAPITAL • REAL EATATE
Individual ARLINGTON, VA
$5,000
May 8, 2024
8
KAYALI, ZEID
SELF • PHYSICIAN
Individual PASADENA, CA
$3,500
Feb 9, 2023
9
MOORE, JEFFREY
RETIRED • RETIRED
Individual LAS VEGAS, NV
$3,435
Nov 19, 2024
10
KTELEH, TAREK
RHEUMATOLOGY • DOCTOR
Individual FISHERS, IN
$3,300
Dec 23, 2024

Sen. Cruz, Ted [R-TX]

ID: C001098

Top Contributors

10

1
WINRED
PAC ARLINGTON, VA
$1,167,293
Nov 1, 2024
2
WINRED
PAC ARLINGTON, VA
$330,599
Nov 5, 2024
3
CHOCTAW NATION OF OKLAHOMA
Organization DURANT, OK
$3,300
Aug 29, 2024
4
THE CHICKASAW NATION
Organization ADA, OK
$3,300
Aug 29, 2024
5
ALABAMA- COUSHATTA TRIBE
Organization LIVINGSTON, TX
$1,000
Oct 16, 2024
6
KONEHU LEGACY, LLC
Organization TAMUNING, GU
$100
Oct 3, 2024
7
PACIFIC LIFESTYLE IMPORTS, LLC
Organization YIGO, GU
$100
Oct 11, 2024
8
FASKEN MANAGEMENT
Organization MIDLAND, TX
$10,000
May 24, 2023
9
REPUBLICAN PARTY OF HARRISON COUNTY
Organization MARSHALL, TX
$4,000
Oct 16, 2024
10
FOLAD ENTERPRISES LLC
Organization PINELLAS PARK, FL
$2,000
May 20, 2024

Sen. Young, Todd [R-IN]

ID: Y000064

Top Contributors

10

1
AMERICAN GRAPHICS PRINTING
Organization CLINTON TWP, MI
$622
Sep 20, 2023
2
SERENA GOJCAJ PHOTOGRAPHY
Organization MACOMB, MI
$575
Sep 24, 2023
3
USPS
Organization ROCHESTER HILLS, MI
$221
Aug 25, 2023
4
PECHANGA BAND OF LUISENO INDIANS
Organization TEMECULA, CA
$3,300
Dec 21, 2023
5
HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE
Organization UPPER LAKE, CA
$3,300
Jul 28, 2023
6
OTOE MISSOURIA TRIBE OF OKLAHOMA
Organization RED ROCK, OK
$3,300
Jul 28, 2023
7
TURTLE MOUNTAIN BAND OF CHIPPEWA OF NORTH DAKOTA
Organization BELCOURT, ND
$3,300
Jul 28, 2023
8
AGUA CALIENTE BAND OF CAHUILLA INDIANS
Organization PALM SPRINGS, CA
$3,300
Sep 30, 2024
9
PECHANGA BAND OF LUISENO INDIANS
Organization TEMECULA, CA
$3,300
Jul 25, 2024
10
AT&T INC & ITS AFFLIATES
Organization SACRAMENTO, CA
$3,000
Mar 5, 2024

Sen. Barrasso, John [R-WY]

ID: B001261

Top Contributors

10

1
POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS
COM ATMORE, AL
$3,300
May 24, 2023
2
POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS
COM ATMORE, AL
$3,300
Sep 20, 2024
3
SAN MANUEL BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
COM LOS ANGELES, CA
$2,500
Dec 31, 2024
4
ALABAMA-COUSHATTA TRIBE
COM LIVINGSTON, TX
$1,000
Jun 29, 2023
5
MUSCOGEE CREEK NATION
COM OKMULGEE, OK
$1,000
Oct 30, 2024
6
TO PROTECT OUR HERITAGE
Organization SKOKIE, IL
$5,000
Jun 26, 2024
7
TO PROTECT OUR HERITAGE
Organization SKOKIE, IL
$5,000
Jun 26, 2024
8
EASTERN BAND OF CHEROKEE INDIANS
Organization CHEROKEE, NC
$3,300
Jun 11, 2024
9
EASTERN BAND OF CHEROKEE INDIANS
Organization CHEROKEE, NC
$3,300
Jun 11, 2024
10
UTE INDIAN TRIBE
Organization FORT DUCHESNE, UT
$3,300
Nov 13, 2024

Donor Network - Sen. Paul, Rand [R-KY]

PACs
Organizations
Individuals
Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

Loading...

Showing 45 nodes and 45 connections

Total contributions: $1,636,310

Top Donors - Sen. Paul, Rand [R-KY]

Showing top 25 donors by contribution amount

13 Orgs14 Individuals

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document. Higher similarity scores indicate stronger thematic connections.

Introduction

Moderate 65.5%
Pages: 875-878

— 842 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise 19. Burton, “Improving Entrepreneurs’ Access to Capital: Vital for Economic Growth”; Campbell, “The Case for Federal Pre-Emption of State Blue Sky Laws.” 20. David R. Burton, “Why the SEC’s Consolidated Audit Trail Is a Bad Idea,” Heritage Foundation Commentary, December 5, 2019, https://www.heritage.org/monetary-policy/commentary/why-the-secs-consolidated- audit-trail-bad-idea; Hester M. Peirce, Commissioner, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, “Statement on the Order Granting Temporary Conditional Exemptive Relief from Certain Requirements of the National Market System Plan Governing the Consolidated Audit Trail,” July 8, 2022, https://www.sec.gov/news/ statement/peirce-statement-consolidated-audit-trail-070822 (accessed February 20, 2023). 21. Peirce, “It’s Not Just Scope 3: Remarks at the American Enterprise Institute”; Uyeda, “Remarks at the 2022 Cato Summit on Financial Regulation.” 22. David R. Burton, “How Dodd–Frank Mandated Disclosures Harm, Rather than Protect, Investors,” Heritage Foundation Issue Brief No. 4526, March 10, 2016, http://thf-reports.s3.amazonaws.com/2016/IB4526.pdf. 23. For a detailed discussion of SEC administration, see Burton, “Reforming the Securities and Exchange Commission.” 24. See, for example, Andrew N. Vollmer, “Accusers as Adjudicators in Agency Enforcement Proceedings,” University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, Vol. 52, No. 1 (Fall 2018), pp. 103–155, https://repository.law. umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1602&context=mjlr (accessed February 20, 2023). 25. 7 U.S.C. § 1a(9), https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/7/1a (accessed February 20, 2023). 26. Or the CFTC can undertake a rulemaking. 27. 7 U.S.C. § 2(i), https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/7/2 (accessed February 20, 2023). 28. 7 U.S.C. § 7b–3, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/7/7b-3 (accessed February 20, 2923). 29. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, “Cross-Border Application of the Registration Thresholds and Certain Requirements Applicable to Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants,” Final Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 85, No. 178 (September 14, 2020), pp. 56924–57016, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-09- 14/pdf/2020-16489.pdf (accessed February 21, 2023). 30. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, “Interpretive Guidance and Policy Statement Regarding Compliance with Certain Swap Regulations,” Federal Register, Vol. 78, No. 144 (July 26, 2013), pp. 45292–45374, https:// www.cftc.gov/sites/default/files/idc/groups/public/@lrfederalregister/documents/file/2013-17958a.pdf (accessed February 21, 2023). 31. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, “Margin Requirements for Uncleared Swaps for Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants—Cross-Border Application of the Margin Requirements,” Final Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 81, No. 104 (May 31, 2016), pp. 34818–34854, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2016-05-31/ pdf/2016-12612.pdf (accessed February 21, 2023). 32. H.R. 4173, Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Public Law 111–203, 111th Congress, July 21, 2010, Title X, https://www.congress.gov/111/plaws/publ203/PLAW-111publ203.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). See also Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, “About Us,” https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about- us/ (accessed March 23, 2023). 33. See, for example, Paul Sperry, “Trump Is Finally Fixing This Economy-Killing Agency,” New York Post, December 2, 2017, https://nypost.com/2017/12/02/trump-is-finally-fixing-this-economy-killing-agency/ (accessed March 23, 2023). See also Jeb Hensarling “How We’ll Stop a Rogue Federal Agency,” The Wall Street Journal, February 8, 2017, https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-well-stop-a-rogue-federal- agency-1486597413 (accessed March 23, 2023), and H.R. 3389, CFPB Slush Fund Elimination Act of 2013, 113th Congress, introduced October 30, 2013, https://www.congress.gov/113/bills/hr3389/BILLS-113hr3389ih.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). 34. Editorial, “CFPB Joins Justice in Shaking Down Banks for Democrat Activist Groups,” Investor’s Business Daily, June 17, 2015, https://www.investors.com/politics/editorials/cfpb-diverts-civil-penalty-funds-to-democrat- activist-groups/ (accessed March 23, 2023). 35. Table, “Budget by Program,” in Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Annual Performance Plan and Report, and Budget Overview, February 2023, p. 15, https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_ performance-plan-and-report_fy23.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). 36. Table, “FTE by Program,” in ibid., p. 16.

Introduction

Moderate 65.5%
Pages: 875-878

— 842 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise 19. Burton, “Improving Entrepreneurs’ Access to Capital: Vital for Economic Growth”; Campbell, “The Case for Federal Pre-Emption of State Blue Sky Laws.” 20. David R. Burton, “Why the SEC’s Consolidated Audit Trail Is a Bad Idea,” Heritage Foundation Commentary, December 5, 2019, https://www.heritage.org/monetary-policy/commentary/why-the-secs-consolidated- audit-trail-bad-idea; Hester M. Peirce, Commissioner, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, “Statement on the Order Granting Temporary Conditional Exemptive Relief from Certain Requirements of the National Market System Plan Governing the Consolidated Audit Trail,” July 8, 2022, https://www.sec.gov/news/ statement/peirce-statement-consolidated-audit-trail-070822 (accessed February 20, 2023). 21. Peirce, “It’s Not Just Scope 3: Remarks at the American Enterprise Institute”; Uyeda, “Remarks at the 2022 Cato Summit on Financial Regulation.” 22. David R. Burton, “How Dodd–Frank Mandated Disclosures Harm, Rather than Protect, Investors,” Heritage Foundation Issue Brief No. 4526, March 10, 2016, http://thf-reports.s3.amazonaws.com/2016/IB4526.pdf. 23. For a detailed discussion of SEC administration, see Burton, “Reforming the Securities and Exchange Commission.” 24. See, for example, Andrew N. Vollmer, “Accusers as Adjudicators in Agency Enforcement Proceedings,” University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, Vol. 52, No. 1 (Fall 2018), pp. 103–155, https://repository.law. umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1602&context=mjlr (accessed February 20, 2023). 25. 7 U.S.C. § 1a(9), https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/7/1a (accessed February 20, 2023). 26. Or the CFTC can undertake a rulemaking. 27. 7 U.S.C. § 2(i), https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/7/2 (accessed February 20, 2023). 28. 7 U.S.C. § 7b–3, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/7/7b-3 (accessed February 20, 2923). 29. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, “Cross-Border Application of the Registration Thresholds and Certain Requirements Applicable to Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants,” Final Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 85, No. 178 (September 14, 2020), pp. 56924–57016, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-09- 14/pdf/2020-16489.pdf (accessed February 21, 2023). 30. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, “Interpretive Guidance and Policy Statement Regarding Compliance with Certain Swap Regulations,” Federal Register, Vol. 78, No. 144 (July 26, 2013), pp. 45292–45374, https:// www.cftc.gov/sites/default/files/idc/groups/public/@lrfederalregister/documents/file/2013-17958a.pdf (accessed February 21, 2023). 31. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, “Margin Requirements for Uncleared Swaps for Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants—Cross-Border Application of the Margin Requirements,” Final Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 81, No. 104 (May 31, 2016), pp. 34818–34854, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2016-05-31/ pdf/2016-12612.pdf (accessed February 21, 2023). 32. H.R. 4173, Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Public Law 111–203, 111th Congress, July 21, 2010, Title X, https://www.congress.gov/111/plaws/publ203/PLAW-111publ203.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). See also Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, “About Us,” https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about- us/ (accessed March 23, 2023). 33. See, for example, Paul Sperry, “Trump Is Finally Fixing This Economy-Killing Agency,” New York Post, December 2, 2017, https://nypost.com/2017/12/02/trump-is-finally-fixing-this-economy-killing-agency/ (accessed March 23, 2023). See also Jeb Hensarling “How We’ll Stop a Rogue Federal Agency,” The Wall Street Journal, February 8, 2017, https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-well-stop-a-rogue-federal- agency-1486597413 (accessed March 23, 2023), and H.R. 3389, CFPB Slush Fund Elimination Act of 2013, 113th Congress, introduced October 30, 2013, https://www.congress.gov/113/bills/hr3389/BILLS-113hr3389ih.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). 34. Editorial, “CFPB Joins Justice in Shaking Down Banks for Democrat Activist Groups,” Investor’s Business Daily, June 17, 2015, https://www.investors.com/politics/editorials/cfpb-diverts-civil-penalty-funds-to-democrat- activist-groups/ (accessed March 23, 2023). 35. Table, “Budget by Program,” in Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Annual Performance Plan and Report, and Budget Overview, February 2023, p. 15, https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_ performance-plan-and-report_fy23.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). 36. Table, “FTE by Program,” in ibid., p. 16. — 843 — Financial Regulatory Agencies 37. Table 7, “Civil Penalty Fund Significant Activity,” in Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Financial Report of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Fiscal Year 2022, November 15, 2022, p. 21, https://files. consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_financial-report_fy2022.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). 38. Ibid. 39. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Financial Report of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Fiscal Year 2022, p. 20. 40. 12 U.S. Code § 5491, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/5491 (accessed March 23, 2023). 41. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, “Bureau Structure,” last updated March 15, 2023, https://www. consumerfinance.gov/about-us/the-bureau/bureau-structure/ (accessed March 23, 2023). 42. See Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, “Consumer Financial Civil Penalty Fund Rule,” https://www. consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/final-rules/consumer-financial-civil-penalty-fund-rule/ (accessed March 23, 2023). 43. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, “Civil Penalty Fund: Consumer Education and Financial Literacy,” https://www.consumerfinance.gov/enforcement/payments-harmed-consumers/civil-penalty-fund/consumer- education-financial-literacy/ (accessed March 23, 2023). 44. U.S. Government Accountability Office, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: Opportunity Exists to Improve Transparency of Civil Penalty Fund Activities, GAO-14-551, June 2014, https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-14-551. pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). 45. Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, 591 U.S. ___ (2020), https://www.supremecourt.gov/ opinions/19pdf/19-7_n6io.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). 46. Ibid., p. 37. 47. See 12 U.S. Code § 5497(a)(1), https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/5497 (accessed March 23, 2023). Congress specified that the amount transferred to the CFPB “shall not exceed” 12 percent “of the total operating expenses of the Federal Reserve System…in fiscal year 2013, and in each year thereafter.” Ibid., § 5497(2)(A)(iii). 48. Community Financial Services Association of America v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (5th Cir. 2022), pp. 31–32, https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/21/21-50826-CV0.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). 49. Ibid., p. 32. 50. Ibid. (quoting Seila Law LLC v. CFPB, 140 S. Ct. 2183, 2202 n. 8 (2020)). 51. U.S. Supreme Court, “Order List: 598 U.S.,” February 27, 2023, Docket No. 22–448, CFPB et al. v. Com. Fin. Services Assn., et al., https://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/courtorders/022723zor_6537.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). 52. Devin Watkins, Competitive Enterprise Institute, “Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: Ripe for Reform,” testimony before the Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Monetary Policy, Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, March 9, 2023, https://docs.house.gov/meetings/BA/ BA20/20230309/115384/HHRG-118-BA20-Wstate-WatkinsD-20230309.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023); Norbert J. Michel, “7 Steps Next Director Can Take to Make the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Less Awful,” Heritage Foundation Commentary, July 28, 2018, https://www.heritage.org/markets-and-finance/ commentary/7-steps-next-director-can-take-make-the-consumer-financial. 53. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Federal Reserve, and National Credit Union Administration. Those functions performed by the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) prior to Dodd–Frank should be transferred to the OCC since OTS has merged with OCC. 54. See “Section 1071 of the Dodd–Frank Act” in David R. Burton, “Improving Small Business Access to Capital,” Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Symposium on Section 1071 of the Dodd–Frank Act, Small Business Lending Panel, November 6, 2019, https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_burton-written- statement_symposium-section-1071.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). 55. 5 U.S. Code Chapter 5, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-I/chapter-5 (accessed March 23, 2023). 56. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, “Administrative Adjudication Proceedings,” https://www. consumerfinance.gov/administrative-adjudication-proceedings/ (accessed March 23, 2023), and 12 Code of Federal Regulations Part 1081—Rules of Practice for Adjudication Proceedings, https://www.law.cornell.edu/ cfr/text/12/part-1081 (accessed March 23, 2023).

Introduction

Moderate 61.3%
Pages: 773-775

— 741 — Federal Reserve l Appoint a commission to explore the mission of the Federal Reserve, alternatives to the Federal Reserve system, and the nation’s financial regulatory apparatus. l Prevent the institution of a central bank digital currency (CBDC). A CBDC would provide unprecedented surveillance and potential control of financial transactions without providing added benefits available through existing technologies.34 AUTHOR’S NOTE: The preparation of this chapter was a collective enterprise of individuals involved in the 2025 Presidential Transition Project. All contributors to this chapter are listed at the front of this volume, but Alexander Salter, Judy Shelton, and Peter St Onge, deserve special mention. The chapter reflects input from all the contributors, however, no views expressed herein should be attributed to any specific individual. — 742 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise ENDNOTES 1. U.S. Constitution, Article 1, Section 8, https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution (accessed January 23, 2023). 2. For example, Alexander Salter and Daniel Smith (2019) show that Federal Reserve Chairs become more favorable toward monetary discretion once they are confirmed compared to previous stances. Alexander William Salter and Daniel J. Smith, “Political Economists or Political Economists? The Role of Political Environments in the Formation of Fed Policy Under Burns, Greenspan, and Bernanke,” Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Vol. 71 (February 2019), pp. 1–13. 3. Sarah Binder, “The Federal Reserve as a ‘Political’ Institution,” American Academy of Arts and Sciences Bulletin, Vol. LXIX, No. 3 (Spring 2016), pp. 47–49, https://www.amacad.org/sites/default/files/bulletin/ downloads/bulletin_Spring2016.pdf (accessed January 23, 2023). See also Charles L. Weise, “Political Pressures on Monetary Policy During the US Great Inflation,” American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, Vol. 4, No. 2 (April 2012), pp. 33–64, https://www.haverford.edu/sites/default/files/Department/Economics/ Weise_Political_Pressures_on%20Monetary_Policy.pdf (accessed January 23, 2023). 4. The Federal Reserve’s financial stability mandate is poorly defined. The Fed has taken advantage of the statutory vagueness and proceeded as if it has the authority to engage in these activities, although it is highly questionable whether this is permissible. 5. 12 U.S.C. § 225a, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/225a (accessed January 23, 2023). 6. See Peter J. Boettke, Alexander William Salter, and Daniel J. Smith, Money and the Rule of Law: Generality and Predictability in Monetary Institutions (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2021). 7. George Selgin, William D. Lastrapes, and Lawrence H. White, “Has the Fed Been a Failure?” Journal of Macroeconomics, Vol. 34, No. 3 (September 2012), pp. 569–596, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/abs/pii/S0164070412000304 (accessed January 24, 2023). 8. This includes federal programs that automatically provide for adjustments as the economy contracts (for example, unemployment insurance or the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program). 9. Mark Segal, “Fed to Launch Climate Risk Resilience Tests with Big Banks,” ESG Today, September 30, 2022, https://www.esgtoday.com/fed-to-launch-climate-risk-resilience-tests-with-big-banks/ (accessed January 23, 2023). 10. Kenneth J. Robinson, “Savings and Loan Crisis 1980–1989,” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Federal Reserve History, November 22, 2013, https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/savings-and-loan-crisis (accessed January 23, 2023). 11. Russell Roberts, “Gambling with Other People’s Money: How Perverted Incentives Caused the Financial Crisis,” Mercatus Center at George Mason University, May 2010, https://www.mercatus.org/system/files/RUSS-final. pdf (accessed January 24, 2023). 12. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Credit and Liquidity Programs Balance Sheet Data Series, 2007–2022, https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/bst_recenttrends.htm (accessed January 24, 2023). 13. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, U.S. Treasury Securities Data Series (TREAST), 2004–2022, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/TREAST (accessed January 24, 2023). 14. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Mortgage-Backed Securities Data Series (WSHOMCB), 2004–2022, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/WSHOMCB (accessed January 24, 2023). 15. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Total Assets (Less Eliminations from Consolidation) Data Series (WALCL), 2004–2022, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/WALCL (accessed January 24, 2023). 16. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, “S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, S&P/Case–Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index (CSUSHPINSA),” https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CSUSHPINSA (accessed January 24, 2023). The Case–Shiller Home Price Index tracks home prices given a constant level of quality. See S&P Dow Jones Indices, “Real Estate: S&P CoreLogic Case–Shiller Home Price Indices,” https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/index-family/indicators/sp- corelogic-case-shiller/sp-corelogic-case-shiller-composite/#overview (accessed January 24, 2023). 17. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, “Real Residential Property Prices for United States (QUSR628BIS),” https:// fred.stlouisfed.org/series/QUSR368BIS (accessed January 24, 2023). 18. Longterm Trends, “Home Price to Income Ratio (US & UK): Home Price to Median Household Income Ratio (US),” https://www.longtermtrends.net/home-price-median-annual-income-ratio/ (accessed January 24, 2023).

About These Correlations

Policy matches are calculated using semantic similarity between bill summaries and Project 2025 policy text. A score of 60% or higher indicates meaningful thematic overlap. This does not imply direct causation or intent, but highlights areas where legislation aligns with Project 2025 policy objectives.

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