Reducing Waste in National Parks Act

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Bill ID: 119/s/1926
Last Updated: September 7, 2026

Sponsored by

Sen. Merkley, Jeff [D-OR]

ID: M001176

Follow the money

The bill

Reducing Waste in National Parks Act

S. 1926, 119th Congress — read as touching Chemicals & Plastics.

The sponsor

Sen. Merkley, Jeff [D-OR]

Every bill has someone who introduced it. That name is where the paper trail starts.

The money

$87,300 raised

28 itemised contributions to this sponsor, pulled from FEC filings.

The alignment

55% match to Project 2025

This bill's text tracks the "Environmental Protection Agency" section, p. 458-460 of the Mandate for Leadership.

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on National Parks. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 119-238.

December 8, 2025

Introduced

Committee Review

📍 Current Status

Next: The bill moves to the floor for full chamber debate and voting.

🗳️

Floor Action

✅

Passed Senate

🏛️

House Review

🎉

Passed Congress

🖊️

Presidential Action

⚖️

Became Law

📚 How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

Another "feel-good" bill from the esteemed members of Congress, designed to make them look like they care about the environment while actually doing nothing substantial. Let's dissect this farce.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The Reducing Waste in National Parks Act (S 1926) aims to reduce disposable plastic products in national parks by establishing a program for their reduction and elimination. The bill's sponsors, led by Senator Merkley, claim it will help mitigate the environmental impact of single-use plastics.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill requires the National Park Service (NPS) to establish a program to reduce disposable plastic products in national parks within 180 days. Regional directors must implement this plan, considering factors like costs, waste reduction, and visitor education. The bill also mandates biennial evaluations of the program's effectiveness.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The NPS, concessioners, cooperating associations, and visitors to national parks will be affected by this bill. However, let's not forget the real stakeholders: the plastic industry lobbyists who will likely find ways to water down (pun intended) any meaningful regulations.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** This bill is a token effort, designed to appease environmentalists while maintaining the status quo. The program's success relies on vague "feasibility" considerations and input from concessioners, which will likely prioritize profits over sustainability. Expect minimal impact on reducing plastic waste, as the bill doesn't address the root causes of the problem.

Now, let's follow the money trail:

* Senator Merkley has received significant campaign contributions from environmental groups and organizations that benefit from "green" initiatives. * The National Park Service has a history of cozy relationships with concessioners and cooperating associations, which may influence the program's implementation. * Plastic industry lobbyists will likely find ways to undermine any meaningful regulations, as they have done in the past.

In conclusion, this bill is a prime example of legislative theater, designed to create the illusion of action while maintaining business-as-usual. It's a Band-Aid on a bullet wound, and we should expect little to no real change in reducing plastic waste in national parks.

Related Topics

Water & Air Quality RegulationsClimate Change & SustainabilityPublic Lands & Natural Resources
Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (Dr. Haus personality)

💰 Campaign Finance Network

Sen. Merkley, Jeff [D-OR]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions
$87,300
21 donors
PACs
$0
Organizations
$11,400
Committees
$0
Individuals
$75,900

No PAC contributions found

1
AK-CHIN INDIAN COMMUNITY
1 transaction
$2,500
2
CHEROKEE NATION
1 transaction
$2,500
3
SISSETON-WAHPETON OYATE
1 transaction
$2,000
4
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
2 transactions
$1,400
5
CONFEDERATED TRIBES AND BANDS OF THE YAKAMA NATION
1 transaction
$1,000
6
CHOCTAW NATION OF OKLAHOMA
1 transaction
$1,000
7
MISSISSIPPI BAND OF CHOCTAW INDIANS
1 transaction
$1,000

No committee contributions found

1
SHENOY, SUNIL
2 transactions
$10,000
2
BOONE, GARRETT
2 transactions
$6,600
3
GARVER, CURTIS MIKE
2 transactions
$6,600
4
BOONE, CECILIA
2 transactions
$6,600
5
RECHNITZ, JOAN
2 transactions
$6,600
6
SOHN, RICHARD FOHS
2 transactions
$6,600
7
STUBBS, MARILYN L.
1 transaction
$5,000
8
BARNHART, PHILIP N.
1 transaction
$5,000
9
HEATHERINGTON, JEFF S.
1 transaction
$5,000
10
BIGLAN, ANTHONY
1 transaction
$5,000
11
CROWLEY, MATTHEW
1 transaction
$3,300
12
GORDON, PATRICIA
1 transaction
$3,300
13
STUBBS, ERVIN GENE
1 transaction
$3,200
14
LEWIS, MARY L.
1 transaction
$3,100

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 10 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Sen. Duckworth, Tammy [D-IL]

ID: D000622

Top Contributors

26

1
AMERICAN EXPRESS
OrganizationNEWARK, NJ
$6,132
Feb 7, 2023
2
AMERICAN EXPRESS
OrganizationNEWARK, NJ
$605
Mar 3, 2023
3
CITIBUSINESS CARD
OrganizationCOLUMBUS, OH
$347
Jan 10, 2023
4
CITIBUSINESS CARD
OrganizationCOLUMBUS, OH
$254
Feb 7, 2023
5
AMERICAN EXPRESS
OrganizationNEWARK, NJ
$98
Jan 10, 2023
6
CITIBUSINESS CARD
OrganizationCOLUMBUS, OH
$74
Mar 3, 2023
7
KELLY, MICHAEL
WALKUP LAW FIRM • ATTORNEY
IndividualSAN FRANCISCO, CA
$3,300
Oct 7, 2024
8
LISTER, AMANDA
N/A • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Oct 17, 2024
9
SUMEY, ROGER
IndividualELLICOTT CITY, MD
$3,300
Oct 11, 2023
10
CHEN, QIANHUI
RENAISSANCE TECHNOLOGIES LLC • ANALYST
IndividualSETAUKET, NY
$3,300
Mar 2, 2024

Sen. Fetterman, John [D-PA]

ID: F000479

Top Contributors

23

1
CHEROKEE NATION
OrganizationTAHLEQUAH, OK
$2,000
Feb 9, 2024
2
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
Nov 29, 2023
3
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
Jun 18, 2024
4
SIMMS, RONALD
RONALD SIMMS REAL ESTATE • PRINCIPAL
IndividualBEVERLY HILLS, CA
$6,700
Jun 18, 2024
5
SIMMS, RONALD
IndividualBEVERLY HILLS, CA
$3,400
Aug 15, 2024
6
ADLERSTEIN, ARI
SELF EMPLOYED • FINANCIAL ADVISOR
IndividualMERION STATION, PA
$3,300
Dec 12, 2024
7
GOLDMAN, AMIR
SUSQUEHANNA INTERNATIONAL GROUP • VENTURE CAPITALIST
IndividualBALA CYNWYD, PA
$3,300
Oct 6, 2024
8
GOLDMAN, AMIR
SUSQUEHANNA INTERNATIONAL GROUP • VENTURE CAPITALIST
IndividualBALA CYNWYD, PA
$3,300
Oct 6, 2024
9
LEPRINO, TERRY
LEPRINO FOODS • OWNER
IndividualDENVER, CO
$3,300
Nov 1, 2024
10
MAYER, ABRAHAM
AFTON PROPERTIES • PRINCIPAL
IndividualLOS ANGELES, CA
$3,300
Dec 12, 2024

Sen. Murphy, Christopher [D-CT]

ID: M001169

Top Contributors

23

1
MASHANTUCKET PEQUOT TRIBAL NATION
OrganizationMASHANTUCKET, CT
$3,300
Nov 4, 2024
2
SAC & FOX TRIBE OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN IOWA
OrganizationTAMA, IA
$2,500
Nov 5, 2024
3
MOHEGAN TRIBE OF INDIANS OF CONNECTICUT
OrganizationUNCASVILLE, CT
$2,000
Mar 30, 2023
4
MORRILL, WILLIAM
NOT EMPLOYED • RETIRED
IndividualSALISBURY, CT
$13,200
Feb 15, 2023
5
REIMERS, LINDSAY
NONE • NONE
IndividualDENVER, CO
$13,200
Feb 27, 2023
6
COGUT, ELLEN FAYE
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualSOUTH KENT, CT
$10,200
Feb 15, 2023
7
CANFIELD, JOHN
BLUEARC.AI • COFOUNDER & CEO
IndividualSAN CARLOS, CA
$6,600
Oct 30, 2023
8
GATES III, WILLIAM H.
BILL & MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION • PHILANTHROPIST
IndividualREDMOND, WA
$6,600
Oct 19, 2023
9
GUFF, ANDREW
SIGULER GUFF & COMPANY LP • INVESTOR
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$6,600
Nov 21, 2023
10
HABER, WILLIAM
SAVE THE CHILDREN • RETIRED
IndividualWESTPORT, CT
$6,600
Oct 11, 2023

Sen. Sanders, Bernard [I-VT]

ID: S000033

Top Contributors

20

1
FERNEYHOUGH, JAMES
TA INSTRUMENTS • MECHANICAL ENGINEER
IndividualNEWARK, DE
$6,600
Jan 14, 2024
2
FERNEYHOUGH, JAMES
IndividualNEWARK, DE
$6,600
Jan 28, 2024
3
RIDDER, KIM
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualCLAREMONT, CA
$5,000
Jan 28, 2024
4
RIDDER, KIM
IndividualCLAREMONT, CA
$5,000
Feb 4, 2024
5
LAMORTE, CHARLES
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualPALM SPRINGS, CA
$3,300
May 1, 2024
6
LAMORTE, CHARLES
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualPALM SPRINGS, CA
$3,300
May 1, 2024
7
SIMONS, NAT
MERITAGE GROUP LP • INVESTOR
IndividualBERKELEY, CA
$3,300
May 19, 2024
8
SIMONS, NAT
MERITAGE GROUP LP • INVESTOR
IndividualBERKELEY, CA
$3,300
May 19, 2024
9
YU, KAIWEN
GOOGLE • SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT ENGINEER
IndividualSEATTLE, WA
$3,300
Dec 31, 2024
10
ROBY, DAVID
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualLYME, NH
$3,300
Feb 18, 2024

Sen. Van Hollen, Chris [D-MD]

ID: V000128

Top Contributors

22

1
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
Jun 3, 2023
2
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
Apr 25, 2024
3
BROE, PATRICK
FOUNDER • BROE GROUP
IndividualDENVER, CO
$5,000
Sep 17, 2024
4
BROE, PAULA
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualDENVER, CO
$5,000
Sep 17, 2024
5
FUSTOK, OMAR
SELF EMPLOYED • HEALTHCARE
IndividualHOUSTON, TX
$3,300
Dec 6, 2024
6
HUSAIN, NOMAAN K.
HUSAIN LAW • ATTORNEY
IndividualHOUSTON, TX
$3,300
Dec 5, 2024
7
HUSAIN, NOMAAN K.
HUSAIN LAW • ATTORNEY
IndividualHOUSTON, TX
$3,300
Dec 5, 2024
8
JAVED, MOHAMMAD SHAHID
TRUE INSURANCE SOLUTIONS • REAL ESTATE
IndividualBEAUMONT, TX
$3,300
Dec 4, 2024
9
JAVED, MOHAMMAD SHAHID
TRUE INSURANCE SOLUTIONS • REAL ESTATE
IndividualBEAUMONT, TX
$3,300
Dec 4, 2024
10
JAVED, MUHAMMAD TAHIR
RICELAND HEALTHCARE • CEO
IndividualBEAUMONT, TX
$3,300
Dec 4, 2024

Sen. Warren, Elizabeth [D-MA]

ID: W000817

Top Contributors

20

1
FRY, SHANTI A
NONE • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualCAMBRIDGE, MA
$6,600
Nov 3, 2023
2
FRY, SHANTI A
IndividualCAMBRIDGE, MA
$6,600
Nov 19, 2023
3
BURNES, RICK M JR
CHARLES RIVER VENTURES • VENTURE CAPITAL
IndividualBOSTON, MA
$5,000
Oct 17, 2023
4
BURNES, RICK M JR
IndividualBOSTON, MA
$5,000
Oct 31, 2023
5
MONEY, IRENE
MICROSOFT • BUSINESS MANAGER
IndividualCAMBRIDGE, MA
$3,300
Oct 20, 2024
6
KRUPP, DOUGLAS
NONE • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualBOSTON, MA
$3,300
Oct 19, 2023
7
KRUPP, JUDITH A
NONE • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualBOSTON, MA
$3,300
Oct 19, 2023
8
LEVIN, ADAM K.
SELF EMPLOYED • ENTREPRENEUR
IndividualBRENTWOOD, TN
$3,300
Oct 12, 2023
9
LEVIN, ADAM K.
SELF EMPLOYED • ENTREPRENEUR
IndividualBRENTWOOD, TN
$3,300
Oct 12, 2023
10
NICHOLS, NANCY M.
NONE • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualPALM BEACH, FL
$3,300
Oct 31, 2023

Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]

ID: W000802

Top Contributors

20

1
HEISING, MARK
MEDLEY PARTNERS • MANAGING DIRECTOR / FOUNDER
IndividualATHERTON, CA
$6,600
Mar 4, 2024
2
PAGE, GLORIA
N/A • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualLOS ALTOS, CA
$5,400
Apr 14, 2023
3
PAGE, GLORIA
IndividualLOS ALTOS, CA
$5,000
Apr 24, 2023
4
PAGE, GLORIA
N/A • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualLOS ALTOS, CA
$3,330
Jul 12, 2024
5
PAGE, GLORIA
IndividualLOS ALTOS, CA
$3,330
Sep 8, 2024
6
CONOVER, CATHERINE M.
SELF EMPLOYED • INVESTOR
IndividualWASHINGTON, DC
$3,300
Oct 25, 2024
7
LANG, DAVID
N/A • RETIRED
IndividualPORTSMOUTH, RI
$3,300
Oct 28, 2024
8
ARNOLD, JOHN
N/A • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualHOUSTON, TX
$3,300
Nov 20, 2023
9
BILLINGSLEY, LINDSAY
ALLIANCE RESIDENTIAL • REAL ESTATE
IndividualDALLAS, TX
$3,300
Dec 16, 2023
10
BILLINGSLEY, LINDSAY
ALLIANCE RESIDENTIAL • REAL ESTATE
IndividualDALLAS, TX
$3,300
Dec 16, 2023

Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR]

ID: W000779

Top Contributors

30

1
SANTA YNEZ BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationSANTA YNEZ, CA
$2,000
Dec 12, 2024
2
MOHEGAN TRIBE OF INDIANS OF CONNECTICUT
OrganizationUNCASVILLE, CT
$1,000
Dec 28, 2023
3
SANTA YNEZ BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationSANTA YNEZ, CA
$1,000
Dec 30, 2023
4
SAN MANUEL BAND OF MISSIONS INDIANS
OrganizationLOS ANGELES, CA
$1,000
Mar 26, 2024
5
SHAKOPEE MDWEKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
Jun 12, 2024
6
SHAKOPEE MDWEKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
May 31, 2023
7
MS BAND OF CHOCTAW INDIANS
OrganizationCHOCTAW, MS
$1,000
Dec 31, 2023
8
CHOCTAW NATION OF OKLAHOMA
OrganizationDURANT, OK
$550
Oct 3, 2023
9
RENO-SPARKS INDIAN COLONY
OrganizationRENO, NV
$500
Jul 18, 2023
10
RENO-SPARKS INDIAN COLONY
OrganizationRENO, NV
$500
Sep 10, 2024

Sen. Blumenthal, Richard [D-CT]

ID: B001277

Top Contributors

20

1
OLSON, LYNDON
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualWACO, TX
$3,300
Dec 20, 2024
2
ALIX, JAY
ALIX PARTNERS • FOUNDER
IndividualBIRMINGHAM, MI
$3,300
Oct 2, 2023
3
KIM, CHRISTINE M.
BBB LLC • ATTORNEY
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Oct 31, 2023
4
ALIX, JAY
ALIX PARTNERS • FOUNDER
IndividualBIRMINGHAM, MI
$3,300
Apr 15, 2024
5
ROURE, RITA
PAGNY - LINCOLN HOSPITAL • PHYSICIAN
IndividualGREENWICH, CT
$3,300
Apr 10, 2024
6
ROURE, RITA
PAGNY - LINCOLN HOSPITAL • PHYSICIAN
IndividualGREENWICH, CT
$3,300
Apr 10, 2024
7
CHAVEZ, TOM
KRUX INC. • CEO
IndividualSAN FRANCISCO, CA
$3,300
Jul 13, 2024
8
CHAVEZ, TOM
KRUX INC. • CEO
IndividualSAN FRANCISCO, CA
$3,300
Jul 13, 2024
9
JONES, JERRY C.
LIVERAMP INC. • EXECUTIVE
IndividualLITTLE ROCK, AR
$3,300
Sep 19, 2024
10
NESSEL, ARIEL
NESSEL DEVELOPMENT • OWNER
IndividualROSS, CA
$3,300
Jul 12, 2024

Sen. Welch, Peter [D-VT]

ID: W000800

Top Contributors

22

1
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
Jun 8, 2023
2
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
May 3, 2024
3
FIELD, MARSHALL
THE OLD MOUNTAIN COMPANY, INC. • EXECUTIVE
IndividualCHICAGO, IL
$3,300
May 18, 2023
4
RECHNITZ, JOAN
IndividualRED BANK, NJ
$3,300
Apr 22, 2024
5
RECHNITZ, JOAN
IndividualRED BANK, NJ
$3,300
Apr 22, 2024
6
GORDON, PATRICIA
SELF • MD
IndividualLOS ANGELES, CA
$3,300
May 22, 2024
7
STILLER, ROBERT
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualPALM BEACH, FL
$3,300
Sep 22, 2024
8
STILLER, ROBERT
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualPALM BEACH, FL
$3,300
Sep 22, 2024
9
KALKUT, CRAIG
WEST FRONT STRATEGIES • GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS
IndividualWASHINGTON, DC
$2,500
May 3, 2023
10
SCHWARTZ, MARTIN
MINILEC SERVICE • CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
IndividualCARMEL, CA
$2,000
May 18, 2023

Donor Network - Sen. Merkley, Jeff [D-OR]

PACs
Organizations
Individuals
Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

Loading...

Showing 61 nodes and 74 connections

Total contributions: $74

Top Donors - Sen. Merkley, Jeff [D-OR]

Showing top 21 donors by contribution amount

7 Orgs14 Individuals

Industry Impact

Which industries are materially affected by specific provisions in this bill. 3 harmed.

  • Section 2(b)(1) calls for elimination of sale and distribution of disposable plastic products, directly reducing demand for plastic manufacturers and resin producers.

  • −Big-Box Retailconfidence 0.80

    Section 2(b)(1) requires elimination of sale and distribution of disposable plastic products, including carryout bags made from film plastic and plastic food ware, which would affect big-box retailers that sell such items in national park concession operations.

  • Section 2(b)(1) mandates elimination of sale and distribution of disposable plastic products, including plastic food ware and expanded polystyrene products, impacting food service concessionaires in national parks.

Who funds the sponsor on these industries

For each industry this bill affects, here's what the sponsor (Sen. Merkley, Jeff [D-OR])received from donors associated with that industry during the 2022–present cycles. Donations are not proof of intent — they are a record of who funds the people writing the law.

Industries this bill HARMS

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document.AI-enhanced analysis provides detailed alignment ratings.

Environmental Protection Agency

Weak
Vector: 62%
Pages: 458-460AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill focuses on reducing plastic waste in national parks, while the Project 2025 EPA section emphasizes air quality, greenhouse gas regulations, and permitting reforms—there is minimal thematic overlap between plastic pollution reduction and the air/climate policies outlined."

Key themes:environmental protectionsustainabilityregulatory reform

— 425 — Environmental Protection Agency are statutorily required, and remove any regulatory differences between attainment and maintenance that are not explicitly required by law. l Streamline the process for state and local governments to demonstrate that their federally funded highway projects will not interfere with NAAQS attainment. l Adopt policies to prevent abuse of EPA’s CAA “error correction” authority.20 EPA historically has used this to coerce states into adopting its favored policies on pain of imposition of a Federal Implementation Plan (FIP). l Limit EPA’s reliance on CAA § 30121 general rulemaking authority to ensure that it is not abused to issue regulations for which EPA lacks substantive authority elsewhere in the statute. l If possible, return the standard-setting role to Congress. Climate Change l Remove the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP) for any source category that is not currently being regulated. The overall reporting program imposes significant burdens on small businesses and companies that are not being regulated. This is either a pointless burden or a sword-of- Damocles threat of future regulation, neither of which is appropriate. l Establish a system, with an appropriate deadline, to update the 2009 endangerment finding. l Establish a significant emissions rate (SER) for greenhouse gasses (GHGs). Regulating Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Under the American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act22 l Repeal Biden Administration implementing regulations for the AIM Act that are unnecessarily stringent and costly. l Refrain from granting petitions from opportunistic manufacturers to add new restrictions that further skew the market toward costlier refrigerants and equipment. — 426 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise l Conduct realistic cost assessments that reflect actual consumer experiences instead of the current unrealistic ones claiming that the program is virtually cost-free. Mobile Source Regulation by the Office of Transportation and Air Quality l Establish GHG car standards under Department of Transportation (DOT) leadership that properly consider cost, choice, safety, and national security. l Review the existing “ramp rate” for car standards to ensure that it is actually achievable. l Include life cycle emissions of electric vehicles and consider all of their environmental impacts. l Restore the position that California’s waiver applies only to California- specific issues like ground-level ozone, not global climate issues. l Ensure that other states can adopt California’s standards only for traditional/criteria pollutants, not greenhouse gases. l Stop the use of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to increase standards on airplanes. l Reconsider the Cleaner Trucks Initiative to balance the goal of driving down emissions without creating significant costs or complex burdens on the industry. Air Permitting Reforms for New Source Review (Pre-Construction Per- mits) and Title V (Operating Permits) l Develop reforms to ensure that when a facility improves efficiency within its production process, new permitting requirements are not triggered. l Restore the Trump EPA position on Once-In, Always-In (that major sources can convert to area sources when affiliated emissions standards are met). l Revisit permitting and enforcement assumptions that sources will operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year; this artificially inflates a source’s potential to emit (PTE), which can result in more stringent permit terms.

Department of Agriculture

Weak
Vector: 62%
Pages: 335-337AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill focuses on reducing disposable plastic waste in National Park Service units, while the Project 2025 excerpt addresses USDA school meal programs and conservation initiatives; both share a general theme of waste reduction and environmental stewardship, but operate in different policy domains with little direct overlap."

Key themes:waste reductionsustainabilityconservation

— 303 — Department of Agriculture Accountability Office said results in the USDA not “regularly assess[ing] the pro- grams’ fraud risks,” the NSLP wasted nearly $500 million in FY 2021.89 The SBP now wastes nearly $200 million annually.90 Despite the ongoing effort to expand school meals under CEP and the evidence of waste and inefficiency, left-of-center Members of Congress and President Biden’s Administration have nonetheless proposed further expansions to extend federal school meals to include every K–12 student—regardless of need.91 The Administra- tion recently proposed expanding federal school meal programs offered during the school year to be offered during the summer as part of the “American Families Plan,” and also proposed expanding CEP. Other federal officials, including Senator Bernie Sanders (I–VT), have, in recent years, proposed expanding the NSLP to all students.92 To serve students in need and prevent the misuse of taxpayer money, the next Administration should focus on students in need and reject efforts to transform federal school meals into an entitlement program. Specifically, the next Administration should: l Promulgate a rule properly interpreting CEP. The USDA should issue a rule that clarifies that only an individual school or a school district as a whole, not a subset of schools within a district, must meet the 40-percent criteria to be eligible for CEP. Education officials should be prohibited from grouping schools together. l Work with lawmakers to eliminate CEP. The NSLP and SBP should be directed to serve children in need, not become an entitlement for students from middle- and upper-income homes. Congress should eliminate CEP. Further, the USDA should not provide meals to students during the summer unless students are taking summer-school classes. Currently, students can get meals from schools even if they are not in summer school, which has, in effect, turned school meals into a federal catering program.93 l Restore programs to their original intent and reject efforts to create universal free school meals. The USDA should work with lawmakers to restore NSLP and SBP to their original goal of providing food to K–12 students who otherwise would not have food to eat while at school. Federal school meals should be focused on children in need, and any efforts to expand student eligibility for federal school meals to include all K–12 students should be soundly rejected. Such expansion would allow an inefficient, wasteful program to grow, magnifying the amount of wasted taxpayer resources. Reform Conservation Programs. Farmers, in general, are excellent stewards of the land, if not for moral or ethical considerations, then out of self-interest to — 304 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise make sure their land and—by extension, their livelihoods—remain intact. Farmers are often called the original conservationists.94 When evaluating federal conservation programs, it is important to remember the importance of the land to farmers. In terms of USDA federal conservation programs, both the USDA’s Farm Service Agency (FSA) and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) oversee numerous programs.95 As a general matter, the next Administration should ensure that these programs address genuine and specific environmental concerns with a focus on currently existing environmental problems, not those that are speculative in nature. These conservation programs should have clearly identifiable goals, with the success or failure of these programs being directly measurable. Any assistance to farmers to take specific actions should not be provided unless the assistance will directly and clearly help to address a specific environmental problem. Further, any assistance to encourage farmers to engage in certain practices should only be provided if farmers would not have adopted the practices in the first place. There are specific issues that the next Administration should address. The Conservation Reserve Program,96 which is run by FSA, pays farmers to not farm some of their land. This program has recently received attention, as agricultural groups rightfully seek to farm without penalty voluntarily idled land, in light of the consequences to food prices of Russia invading Ukraine.97 There is also a need to reform USDA’s conservation easements. These easements are a powerful tool to incentivize long-term preservation of ecosystems while still allowing farmers to benefit economically. However, when farmers and ranchers sign conservation easements with the USDA, they can be enforced in perpetuity. Future generations, be they the descendants of the landowner or new residents, are bound by those conditions. Ecosystems and topography naturally change over time, but without legislative change, easement requirements will not. The next Administration should: l Champion the elimination of the Conservation Reserve Program. Farmers should not be paid in such a sweeping way not to farm their land. If there is a desire to ensure that extremely sensitive land is not farmed, this should be addressed through targeted efforts that are clearly connected to addressing a specific and concrete environmental harm. The USDA should work with Congress to eliminate this overbroad program. l Reform NRCS wetlands and erodible land compliance and appeals. Problematic NRCS overreach could be avoided entirely by removing its authority to prescribe specific practices on a particular farm operation in order to ensure continued eligibility to participate in USDA farm programs,

Department of Agriculture

Weak
Vector: 60%
Pages: 347-349AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill targets plastic waste reduction in National Park Service units, while the Project 2025 excerpt focuses on USDA agriculture, nutrition, and conservation programs; there is only a broad, indirect connection through general environmental stewardship themes."

Key themes:conservationenvironmental sustainabilityfederal land management

— 315 — Department of Agriculture 79. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, “WIC Data Tables,” December 9, 2022, https:// www.fns.usda.gov/pd/wic-program (accessed December 16, 2022). 80. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “Regulations and Information on the Manufacture and Distribution of Infant Formula,” May 16, 2022, https://www.fda.gov/food/infant-formula-guidance-documents-regulatory- information/regulations-and-information-manufacture-and-distribution-infant-formula (accessed December 14, 2022). 81. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, “History of the National School Lunch Program,” January 17, 2008, https://www.fns.usda.gov/nslp/program-history (accessed December 14, 2022). 82. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, “School Breakfast Program History,” July 24, 2013, https://www.fns.usda.gov/sbp/program-history (accessed December 14, 2022), and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, “History of the National School Lunch Program.” 83. Crystal FitzSimons, “Free School Meals for All Is the Key to Supporting Education and Health Outcomes,” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Vol 41, No. 1 (2022), pp. 358–364, https://econpapers.repec.org/ article/wlyjpamgt/v_3a41_3ay_3a2022_3ai_3a1_3ap_3a358-364.htm (accessed December 14, 2022). 84. Jonathan Butcher and Vijay Menon, “Returning to the Intent of Government School Meals: Helping Students in Need,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 3399, March 22, 2019, https://www.heritage.org/sites/ default/files/2019-03/BG3399.pdf. 85. Daren Bakst and Jonathan Butcher, “A Critical Fix to the Federal Overreach on School Meals,” Heritage Foundation Issue Brief No. 4976, July 11, 2019, https://www.heritage.org/hunger-and-food-programs/report/ critical-fix-the-federal-overreach-school-meals. 86. Ibid., and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, “Community Eligibility Provision,” April 19, 2019, https://www.fns.usda.gov/cn/community-eligibility-provision (accessed December 16, 2022). 87. See Payment Accuracy, https://www.paymentaccuracy.gov/ (accessed December 16, 2022). 88. Payment Accuracy, “Payment Integrity Scorecard,” https://www.cfo.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/Q3/ FNS%20National%20School%20Lunch%20Program%20(NSLP)%20Payments%20Integrity%20Scorecard%20 FY%202022%20Q3.pdf (accessed December 14, 2022). 89. U.S. Government Accountability Office, “School Meals Programs: USDA Has Reported Taking Some Steps to Reduce Improper Payments But Should Comprehensively Assess Fraud Risks,” GAO–19–389, May 21, 2022, https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-19-389 (accessed December 14, 2022). 90. Payment Accuracy, “Payment Integrity Scorecard.” 91. White House, “Fact Sheet: The American Families Plan,” April 28, 2021, https://www.whitehouse.gov/ briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/28/fact-sheet-the-american-families-plan/ (accessed December 14, 2022). 92. Universal School Meals Program Act of 2021, S. 1530, 117th Cong., 1st Sess., https://www.congress.gov/ bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1530 (accessed December 14, 2022). 93. See, for example, U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Find Meals for Kids When Schools Are Closed,” Food and Nutrition Service, September 22, 2022, https://www.fns.usda.gov/meals4kids (accessed December 16, 2022), and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, “Seamless Summer and Other Options for School,” July 16, 2013, https://www.fns.usda.gov/sfsp/seamless-summer-and-other-options-schools (accessed December 16, 2022). 94. Tom Driscoll, “From the Field: Farmers Are the Original Conservationists,” National Farmers Union, August 30, 2017, https://nfu.org/2017/08/30/from-the-field-farmers-are-the-original-conservationists/ (accessed December 16, 2022). 95. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency, “Conservation Programs,” https://www.fsa.usda.gov/ programs-and-services/conservation-programs/index (accessed December 16, 2022), and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, “Programs and Initiatives,” https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/ programs-initiatives (accessed December 16, 2022). 96. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency, “Conservation Reserve Program: About the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP),” https://www.fsa.usda.gov/programs-and-services/conservation- programs/conservation-reserve-program/ (accessed December 16, 2022). — 316 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise 97. American Bakers Association et al., letter to U.S. Department of Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack, March 23, 2022, https://www.dropbox.com/s/yfyv04ilkom11zd/USDA%20Letter%20to%20Secretary%20Vilsack%20on%20 Tools%20to%20Address%20Global%20Commodity%20Supply%20Challenges%203.23.22_.pdf?dl=0 (accessed December 15, 2022). It is also necessary to increase food production to mitigate high food inflation. Approximately 25 percent of idled land is considered prime farmland. Therefore, one-quarter of idled land is merely idling, not producing food—and this does not include other land that may viably be used for food production. The Conservation Reserve Program should be eliminated. There are also two issues connected to property rights and fairness that should be addressed: challenging NRCS determinations and problems with USDA easements. To be eligible for many USDA programs, farmers must comply with certain conservation provisions enforced by NRCS. Conservation compliance of wetlands and highly erodible lands consist of federal restrictions that prevent farmers from using parts of their property. If farmers plant crops or modify the areas federal officials deem protected, farmers can lose all access to USDA programs and support. For farmers, there are real, practical concerns to challenging NRCS determinations, including the time and costs of challenging the federal bureaucracy. NRCS is empowered to declare areas wetlands and highly erodible areas, which are therefore off limits for farming. If these wetland-or-erodible-declared areas are used in a manner deemed unacceptable by federal officials, NRCS may revoke access to federal resources and subsidies by making technical determinations that carry potential penalties. There must be a fair and reasonable process for farmers to challenge such actions. See Daren Bakst, “Food Price Inflation Continues to Worsen. Here’s What Should Be Done About It,” The Daily Signal, April 25, 2022, https:// www.dailysignal.com/2022/04/25/food-price-inflation-continuing-to-worsen-heres-what-should-be-done- about-it/ (accessed December 15, 2022); American Bakers Association et.al., letter to Vilsack; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, “Conservation Compliance Appeals Process,” https://www. nrcs.usda.gov/getting-assistance/compliance/conservation-compliance-appeals-process (accessed December 15, 2022); and Chris Bennett, “Regulatory Hell: Farmer and Veteran Wins 10-Year Wetlands Fight With Government,” AG Web, August 30, 2021, https://www.agweb.com/news/crops/crop-production/regulatory-hell-farmer-and- veteran-wins-10-year-wetlands-fight (accessed December 15, 2022). 98. Fortunately, there are already resources available to help states establish their own wetlands conservation programs. One particular example, the American Legislative Exchange Council’s Wetlands Mapping and Protection Act model policy, is available for states to define the procedures, guidelines, and administration of wetlands programs. American Legislative Exchange Council, “Wetlands Mapping and Protection Act,” November 16, 2017, https://alec.org/model-policy/wetlands-mapping-and-protection-act/ (accessed December 16, 2022). The new Administration should focus on best practices instead of imposing prescriptive federal practices. It should support the policies contained within the “NRCS Wetland Compliance and Appeals Reform Act” and modify NRCS compliance rules to protect farmers and ranchers by adding protections against regulatory overreach—such as banning the practice of re-engaging farmers in new technical determinations appeals processes for the same areas of their farms. See NRCS Wetland Compliance and Appeals Reform Act, S. 4931, 117th Cong., 2nd Sess., https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4931?s=1&r=8 (accessed December 15, 2022). 99. Ibid 100. See, for example, Daren Bakst and Jeremy Dalrymple, “Reducing Federal Barriers for the Sale of Meat,” Heritage Foundation Issue Brief No. 5078, June 1, 2020, https://www.heritage.org/agriculture/report/ reducing-federal-barriers-the-sale-meat, and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, “State Inspection Programs,” updated January 12, 2023, https://www.fsis.usda.gov/inspection/state- inspection-programs (accessed December 15, 2022). 101. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, “Cooperative Interstate Shipping Program,” September 7, 2022, https://www.fsis.usda.gov/inspection/state-inspection-programs/cooperative- interstate-shipping-program (accessed December 15, 2022). 102. U.S. Department of Agriculture, “State Inspection Programs.” 103. The Senate bill removes obstacles for both meat and poultry. The House version does not appear to cover poultry. New Markets for State-Inspected Meat and Poultry Act of 2021, S. 107, 117th Cong., 1st Sess., https:// www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/107#:~:text=This%20bill%20allows%20meat%20and,be%20 sold%20in%20interstate%20commerce (accessed December 15, 2022), and Expanding Markets for State- Inspected Meat Processors Act of 2021, H.R. 1998, 117th Cong., 1st Sess., https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th- congress/house-bill/1998 (accessed December 15, 2022).

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Policy matches are calculated using a hybrid approach: initial candidates are found using semantic similarity between bill summaries and Project 2025 policy text, then an AI model (Llama 3.1 70B) provides detailed alignment ratings and analysis. Ratings range from 1 (minimal alignment) to 5 (very strong alignment). This analysis does not imply direct causation or intent.

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