She DRIVES Act

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Bill ID: 119/s/161
Last Updated: March 11, 2026

Sponsored by

Sen. Fischer, Deb [R-NE]

ID: F000463

Follow the money

The bill

She DRIVES Act

S. 161, 119th Congress — read as touching Automotive (Legacy).

The sponsor

Sen. Fischer, Deb [R-NE]

Every bill has someone who introduced it. That name is where the paper trail starts.

The money

$144,300 raised

27 itemised contributions to this sponsor, pulled from FEC filings.

The alignment

60% match to Project 2025

This bill's text tracks the "Introduction" section, p. 658-660 of the Mandate for Leadership.

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 141.

July 30, 2025

Introduced

📍 Current Status

Next: The bill will be reviewed by relevant committees who will debate, amend, and vote on it.

🏛️

Committee Review

🗳️

Floor Action

Passed Senate

🏛️

House Review

🎉

Passed Congress

🖊️

Presidential Action

⚖️

Became Law

📚 How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

Another "groundbreaking" piece of legislation from the esteemed members of Congress. The She DRIVES Act, because what's more compelling than a bill with an acronym that sounds like a bad 90s pop song? Let me dissect this masterpiece for you.

**Diagnosis:** This bill is suffering from a severe case of Regulatory Creep, where bureaucrats and politicians try to justify their existence by creating new rules and regulations. The symptoms are obvious: unnecessary complexity, arbitrary timelines, and a healthy dose of pandering to special interest groups.

**New Regulations:** The bill creates new testing procedures for the New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) under the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Specifically, it introduces two new testing devices: THOR-50M (50th percentile adult male) and THOR-05F (5th percentile adult female). Because, you know, we didn't have enough acronyms already.

**Affected Industries:** The automotive industry will be the primary victim of this regulatory onslaught. Manufacturers will need to adapt their testing procedures, which will likely lead to increased costs and bureaucratic headaches.

**Compliance Requirements and Timelines:** The bill sets arbitrary deadlines for the Secretary of Transportation to issue final rules (180 days for THOR-50M and 120 days for THOR-05F). Because, clearly, the most important thing is to rush through these regulations without adequate consideration or public input.

**Enforcement Mechanisms and Penalties:** Ah, the fun part! The bill doesn't explicitly outline penalties for non-compliance, but rest assured that the NHTSA will find ways to fine and harass manufacturers into submission. After all, what's a regulatory regime without a healthy dose of fear and intimidation?

**Economic and Operational Impacts:** This bill will likely lead to increased costs for manufacturers, which will be passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices. The added complexity of these new regulations will also create opportunities for bureaucratic delays and inefficiencies.

In conclusion, the She DRIVES Act is a textbook example of regulatory overreach, driven by special interests and a desire to justify the existence of bureaucrats. It's a solution in search of a problem, with all the hallmarks of a classic case of Regulatory Creep. Now, if you'll excuse me, I have better things to do than watch politicians pretend to care about safety while lining their pockets with lobbyist money.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (Dr. Haus personality)

💰 Campaign Finance Network

Sen. Fischer, Deb [R-NE]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions
$144,300
25 donors
PACs
$3,000
Organizations
$9,300
Committees
$0
Individuals
$132,000
1
REPUBLICAN MAIN STREET PAC
1 transaction
$3,000
1
CHEROKEE NATION
1 transaction
$3,300
2
MISSISSIPPI BAND OF CHOCTAW INDIANS
1 transaction
$2,500
3
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
2 transactions
$2,000
4
JTM CONSULTING LLC
1 transaction
$1,000
5
ERROTABERE RANCHES
1 transaction
$500

No committee contributions found

1
ERGEN, CHARLES
2 transactions
$13,200
2
BRAUER, BLACKFORD
1 transaction
$6,600
3
ERGEN, CANTEY
1 transaction
$6,600
4
MARQUIS, ALEXANDER
1 transaction
$6,600
5
MARQUIS, BENJAMIN
1 transaction
$6,600
6
MARQUIS, DARRELL L.
1 transaction
$6,600
7
MARQUIS, DUSTIN
1 transaction
$6,600
8
MARQUIS, JASON
1 transaction
$6,600
9
MARQUIS, THOMAS
1 transaction
$6,600
10
MCMAHON, LINDA
1 transaction
$6,600
11
STEPHENS, WARREN
1 transaction
$6,600
12
DETOLEDO, PHILIP
1 transaction
$6,600
13
SINGER, PAUL
1 transaction
$6,600
14
SCHWAB, CHARLES
1 transaction
$6,600
15
FRALIN, H. HEYWOOD
1 transaction
$6,600
16
MCKEE, JACK C.
1 transaction
$6,600
17
DAVIDSON, CHARLES
1 transaction
$6,600
18
JACOBS, JOSEPH
1 transaction
$6,600
19
TAYLOR, BRUCE
1 transaction
$6,600

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 10 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Sen. Murray, Patty [D-WA]

ID: M001111

Top Contributors

10

1
SAN PABLO LYTTON TRIBE
OrganizationSAN PABLO, CA
$3,300
Oct 26, 2023
2
SAN PABLO LYTTON TRIBE
OrganizationSAN PABLO, CA
$3,300
Oct 26, 2023
3
LOWER ELWHA KLALLAM TRIBE
OrganizationPORT ANGELES, WA
$3,300
Mar 30, 2023
4
LOWER ELWHA KLALLAM TRIBE
OrganizationPORT ANGELES, WA
$3,300
Mar 30, 2023
5
THE CHICKASAW NATION
OrganizationADA, OK
$3,300
Sep 22, 2023
6
AK-CHIN INDIAN COMMUNITY
OrganizationMARICOPA, AZ
$2,500
Nov 13, 2024
7
PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS
OrganizationTACOMA, WA
$2,500
Feb 22, 2024
8
PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS
OrganizationTACOMA, WA
$2,500
Sep 30, 2024
9
YAKAMA NATION
OrganizationSEATTLE, WA
$2,000
Oct 11, 2024
10
SISSETON-WAHPETON OYATE
OrganizationSISSETON, SD
$2,000
Jun 30, 2024

Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN]

ID: B001243

Top Contributors

10

1
FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC
PACVIRGINIA BEACH, VA
$5,000
Apr 12, 2023
2
THE COGGIN GROUP
OrganizationMURFREESBORO, TN
$2,900
Mar 9, 2023
3
THE COGGIN GROUP
OrganizationMURFREESBORO, TN
$2,500
Mar 9, 2023
4
DOSS BROTHERS FARM
OrganizationLAWRENCEBURG, TN
$1,000
Apr 17, 2024
5
DOSS BROTHERS FARM
OrganizationLAWRENCEBURG, TN
$1,000
Mar 18, 2024
6
BL PARTNERS GROUP LLC
OrganizationARLINGTON, VA
$500
Mar 17, 2023
7
KING, RODNEY W.
SELF-EMPLOYEDATTORNEY
IndividualGERMANTOWN, TN
$13,200
Apr 4, 2024
8
BEAN, BILL G.
HANNING & BEAN ENTERPRISES INC.REAL ESTATE INVESTOR
IndividualCOLUMBIA CITY, IN
$10,000
May 1, 2024
9
SMITH, THOMAS
PRESCOTT INVESTORS INC.INVESTOR
IndividualBOCA RATON, FL
$10,000
May 13, 2024
10
GAMBLE, KATHRYN
UNAKA COBUSINESS EXECUTIVE
IndividualDALLAS, TX
$9,900
Jul 15, 2024

Sen. Duckworth, Tammy [D-IL]

ID: D000622

Top Contributors

10

1
AMERICAN EXPRESS
OrganizationNEWARK, NJ
$6,132
Feb 7, 2023
2
AMERICAN EXPRESS
OrganizationNEWARK, NJ
$605
Mar 3, 2023
3
CITIBUSINESS CARD
OrganizationCOLUMBUS, OH
$347
Jan 10, 2023
4
CITIBUSINESS CARD
OrganizationCOLUMBUS, OH
$254
Feb 7, 2023
5
AMERICAN EXPRESS
OrganizationNEWARK, NJ
$98
Jan 10, 2023
6
CITIBUSINESS CARD
OrganizationCOLUMBUS, OH
$74
Mar 3, 2023
7
KELLY, MICHAEL
WALKUP LAW FIRMATTORNEY
IndividualSAN FRANCISCO, CA
$3,300
Oct 7, 2024
8
LISTER, AMANDA
N/ANOT EMPLOYED
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Oct 17, 2024
9
SUMEY, ROGER
IndividualELLICOTT CITY, MD
$3,300
Oct 11, 2023
10
CHEN, QIANHUI
RENAISSANCE TECHNOLOGIES LLCANALYST
IndividualSETAUKET, NY
$3,300
Mar 2, 2024

Sen. Collins, Susan M. [R-ME]

ID: C001035

Top Contributors

10

1
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
PACPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
Jun 28, 2023
2
SILBEY, ALEXANDER
ATS COMMUNICATIONS, INC,CONSULTANT
IndividualWASHINGTON, DC
$6,600
Jul 23, 2024
3
ARNOLD, LAURA
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualHOUSTON, TX
$6,600
Aug 10, 2024
4
READ, KURT
RSF PARTNERSPARTNER
IndividualDALLAS, TX
$3,300
Dec 29, 2023
5
COATES, CHRIS
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualIRVING, TX
$3,300
Dec 29, 2023
6
READ, KURT
RSF PARTNERSPARTNER
IndividualDALLAS, TX
$3,300
Dec 29, 2023
7
CROTTY, THOMAS
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualSCOTTSDALE, AZ
$3,300
Dec 29, 2023
8
COATES, CHRIS
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualIRVING, TX
$3,300
Dec 29, 2023
9
CROTTY, THOMAS
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualSCOTTSDALE, AZ
$3,300
Dec 29, 2023
10
YOUNGMAN, ANDREW
CITIZENS DISABILITY LLCCEO
IndividualWEST NEWTON, MA
$3,300
Nov 20, 2023

Sen. Welch, Peter [D-VT]

ID: W000800

Top Contributors

10

1
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
Jun 8, 2023
2
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
May 3, 2024
3
FIELD, MARSHALL
THE OLD MOUNTAIN COMPANY, INC.EXECUTIVE
IndividualCHICAGO, IL
$3,300
May 18, 2023
4
RECHNITZ, JOAN
IndividualRED BANK, NJ
$3,300
Apr 22, 2024
5
RECHNITZ, JOAN
IndividualRED BANK, NJ
$3,300
Apr 22, 2024
6
GORDON, PATRICIA
SELFMD
IndividualLOS ANGELES, CA
$3,300
May 22, 2024
7
STILLER, ROBERT
NOT EMPLOYEDNOT EMPLOYED
IndividualPALM BEACH, FL
$3,300
Sep 22, 2024
8
STILLER, ROBERT
NOT EMPLOYEDNOT EMPLOYED
IndividualPALM BEACH, FL
$3,300
Sep 22, 2024
9
KALKUT, CRAIG
WEST FRONT STRATEGIESGOVERNMENT AFFAIRS
IndividualWASHINGTON, DC
$2,500
May 3, 2023
10
SCHWARTZ, MARTIN
MINILEC SERVICECONSUMER ELECTRONICS
IndividualCARMEL, CA
$2,000
May 18, 2023

Sen. Capito, Shelley Moore [R-WV]

ID: C001047

Top Contributors

10

1
CHEROKEE NATION
OrganizationTAHLEQUAH, OK
$2,800
Dec 31, 2024
2
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
Nov 8, 2023
3
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
Jul 22, 2024
4
ARNOLD, JOHN MR.
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualHOUSTON, TX
$6,600
Dec 27, 2023
5
MANOCHERIAN, JENNIFER MS.
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualSCARSDALE, NY
$6,600
Feb 17, 2023
6
MANOCHERIAN, JED MR.
SELFREAL ESTATE
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$6,600
Feb 23, 2023
7
MANOCHERIAN, GREG MR.
SELF EMPLOYEDREAL ESTATE
IndividualPOUND RIDGE, NY
$6,600
Mar 1, 2023
8
MANOCHERIAN, KIM
PANAM EQUITIESEXECUTIVE
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$6,600
Mar 27, 2023
9
KAY, ALISON MS.
KIDS CAPITALHEDGE FUND MANAGER
IndividualBEVERLY HILLS, CA
$6,600
Jun 20, 2023
10
MANDELBLATT, DANIELLE
DMM PROPRIETA MANAGEMENTMANAGER
IndividualASPEN, CO
$6,600
Sep 26, 2024

Sen. Schatz, Brian [D-HI]

ID: S001194

Top Contributors

10

1
CHEROKEE NATION
OrganizationTAHLEQUAH, OK
$3,300
Dec 30, 2024
2
CATAWBA INDIAN NATION
OrganizationROCK HILL, SC
$3,300
May 17, 2024
3
SENECA NATION OF INDIANS
OrganizationSALAMANCA, NY
$3,300
Apr 17, 2024
4
OTOE MISSOURIA TRIBE OF OKLAHOMA
OrganizationRED ROCK, OK
$3,300
Aug 12, 2023
5
PASCUA YAQUI TRIBE
OrganizationTUCSON, AZ
$3,300
Sep 29, 2023
6
OTOE MISSOURIA TRIBE OF OKLAHOMA
OrganizationRED ROCK, OK
$3,300
Aug 12, 2023
7
HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE
OrganizationUPPER LAKE, CA
$3,300
Aug 12, 2023
8
HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE
OrganizationUPPER LAKE, CA
$3,300
Aug 12, 2023
9
TURTLE MOUNTAIN BAND OF CHIPPEWA
OrganizationBELCOURT, ND
$3,300
Aug 12, 2023
10
TURTLE MOUNTAIN BAND OF CHIPPEWA
OrganizationBELCOURT, ND
$3,300
Aug 12, 2023

Sen. Britt, Katie Boyd [R-AL]

ID: B001319

Top Contributors

10

1
POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS
OrganizationATMORE, AL
$3,300
Sep 14, 2023
2
POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS
OrganizationATMORE, AL
$3,300
Oct 11, 2024
3
CHEROKEE NATION
OrganizationTAHLEQUAH, OK
$2,500
Oct 29, 2024
4
HUNTON ANDREWS KURTH LLP
OrganizationRICHMOND, VA
$1,000
Jul 25, 2024
5
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
May 1, 2024
6
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
Nov 9, 2023
7
STRONG, MIRANDA
CALISTADIRECTOR OF GOVERNMENT RELATIONS
IndividualANCHORAGE, AK
$5,000
Sep 20, 2023
8
STEPHENS, TYLER
FIERCE GOVERNMENT RELATIONSLOBBYIST
IndividualWASHINGTON, DC
$3,300
Jul 1, 2023
9
SINGER, PAUL
ELLIOTT INVESTMENT MANAGEMENTCO-CEO, CO-CIO, PRESIDENT
IndividualPALM BEACH, FL
$3,300
Jul 6, 2023
10
SINGER, PAUL
ELLIOTT INVESTMENT MANAGEMENTCO-CEO, CO-CIO, PRESIDENT
IndividualPALM BEACH, FL
$3,300
Jul 9, 2023

Sen. Hickenlooper, John W. [D-CO]

ID: H000273

Top Contributors

10

1
THE CHICKASAW NATION
OrganizationADA, OK
$1,300
Dec 12, 2023
2
THE CHICKASAW NATION
OrganizationADA, OK
$1,200
Dec 12, 2023
3
THE CHICKASAW NATION
OrganizationADA, OK
$900
Dec 31, 2023
4
ALLHASSANI, MEHDI
PALANTIR TECHNOLOGIESOPERATIONS
IndividualPALO ALTO, CA
$3,300
Nov 25, 2023
5
SANKAR, SHYAM
PALANTIR TECHNOLOGIESDIRECTOR
IndividualGREENWOOD VILLAGE, CO
$3,300
Nov 25, 2023
6
CARSON, RUSSELL
NOT EMPLOYEDNOT EMPLOYED
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Nov 17, 2023
7
SANKAR, SHYAM
PALANTIR TECHNOLOGIESDIRECTOR
IndividualGREENWOOD VILLAGE, CO
$3,300
Nov 25, 2023
8
CARSON, RUSSELL
NOT EMPLOYEDNOT EMPLOYED
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Nov 17, 2023
9
GATES, WILLIAM H. III
BILL & MELINDA GATES FOUNDATIONPHILANTHROPIST
IndividualREDMOND, WA
$3,300
Oct 19, 2023
10
JAIN, AKASH
PALANTIR TECHNOLOGIESEXECUTIVE
IndividualOAKLAND, CA
$3,300
Nov 26, 2023

Sen. Rosen, Jacky [D-NV]

ID: R000608

Top Contributors

10

1
PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS
OrganizationTACOMA, WA
$3,700
Jul 31, 2024
2
SEMINOLE TRIBE OF FLORIDA
OrganizationHOLLYWOOD, FL
$3,300
Sep 30, 2023
3
POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS
OrganizationATMORE, AL
$3,300
Sep 30, 2023
4
CHEROKEE NATION
OrganizationTAHLEQUAH, OK
$3,300
Dec 28, 2023
5
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
OrganizationROHNERT PARK, CA
$3,300
Mar 10, 2023
6
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
OrganizationROHNERT PARK, CA
$3,300
Mar 10, 2023
7
SYUCAN BAND OF THE KUMEYAAY NATION
OrganizationEL CAJON, CA
$3,300
Mar 31, 2023
8
POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS
OrganizationATMORE, AL
$3,300
Mar 28, 2024
9
SEMINOLE TRIBE OF FLORIDA
OrganizationHOLLYWOOD, FL
$3,300
Sep 30, 2024
10
MATCH-E-BE-NASH-SHE-WISH BAND OF POTTAWATOMI INDIANS
OrganizationSHELBYVILLE, MI
$3,300
Oct 21, 2024

Donor Network - Sen. Fischer, Deb [R-NE]

PACs
Organizations
Individuals
Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

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Showing 84 nodes and 42 connections (73 secondary connections hidden)

Total contributions: $191,184

Top Donors - Sen. Fischer, Deb [R-NE]

Showing top 25 donors by contribution amount

1 PAC5 Orgs19 Individuals

Industry Impact

Which industries are materially affected by specific provisions in this bill. 2 helped.

  • +Automotive (Legacy)confidence 0.90

    The bill requires updated crashworthiness testing procedures under the New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) using THOR dummies and side impact dummies, which will drive automakers to improve vehicle safety designs to meet new standards, representing a market expansion for safety technology and compliance engineering.

  • EV manufacturers like Tesla, Rivian, and Lucid must comply with updated NCAP crashworthiness testing requirements using THOR and side impact dummies, which will necessitate design changes and safety improvements, creating a market incentive for advanced safety features in EVs.

Who funds the sponsor on these industries

For each industry this bill affects, here's what the sponsor (Sen. Fischer, Deb [R-NE])received from donors associated with that industry during the 2022–present cycles. Donations are not proof of intent — they are a record of who funds the people writing the law.

Industries this bill HELPS

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document.

Introduction

Moderate60.3%
Pages: 658-660

— 625 — Department of Transportation security, and privacy without hampering innovation. DOT can oversee the testing and deployment of a wide variety of new technologies, allowing communities and individuals to choose what best fits their needs. It is the role of the private sector, not the government, to pick winners and losers in technology development. If a technology underperforms, the private sector should be liable, not the government. The department should ensure a tech-neutral approach to addressing any emerging transportation technology while keeping safety as the number one priority. As part of this, it should work to facilitate the safe and full integration of automated vehicles into the national transportation system. Over time, these advanced technologies can save lives, transform personal mobility, and provide additional transportation opportunities—including for people with disabili- ties, aging populations, and communities where car ownership is expensive or impractical. NHTSA’s and FMCSA’s current regulations were written before the advent of automated vehicles and driving systems. Both operating administrations have issued Advance Notices of Proposed Rulemakings (ANPRMs) that begin the pro- cess of updating their regulations to reflect this new technology. However, these regulations have stalled under the Biden Administration, which has chosen to use the department’s tools to get people to take transit and drive electric vehicles instead of helping people to choose the transportation options that suit them best. l NHTSA should work to remove regulatory barriers by focusing on updating vehicle standards as well as publishing performance-based rules for the operations of automated vehicles (AVs). l FMCSA should work to clarify the regulations to align with DOT’s AV 3.0 guidance, which would allow the drivers to be safely removed from the operations of a commercial motor vehicle. From a nonregulatory point of view, DOT has pivoted from a successful focus on the voluntary sharing of data to improve safety outcomes to adoption of a more compulsory and antagonistic approach to mandating data collection and publica- tion through a Standing General Order related to automated vehicles. This needs to be reversed. Many of these new and innovative technologies rely on wireless communica- tions that depend on the availability and purchase of radio frequency spectrum, a trend that is consistent with what we see in connectivity in our everyday lives. There is a role for DOT in ensuring that in the fight over spectrum, transportation gets its fair share. For technologies to work in transportation, and in particular to work for transportation safety, they have to meet the unique needs of a transportation

Introduction

Moderate60.3%
Pages: 658-660

— 625 — Department of Transportation security, and privacy without hampering innovation. DOT can oversee the testing and deployment of a wide variety of new technologies, allowing communities and individuals to choose what best fits their needs. It is the role of the private sector, not the government, to pick winners and losers in technology development. If a technology underperforms, the private sector should be liable, not the government. The department should ensure a tech-neutral approach to addressing any emerging transportation technology while keeping safety as the number one priority. As part of this, it should work to facilitate the safe and full integration of automated vehicles into the national transportation system. Over time, these advanced technologies can save lives, transform personal mobility, and provide additional transportation opportunities—including for people with disabili- ties, aging populations, and communities where car ownership is expensive or impractical. NHTSA’s and FMCSA’s current regulations were written before the advent of automated vehicles and driving systems. Both operating administrations have issued Advance Notices of Proposed Rulemakings (ANPRMs) that begin the pro- cess of updating their regulations to reflect this new technology. However, these regulations have stalled under the Biden Administration, which has chosen to use the department’s tools to get people to take transit and drive electric vehicles instead of helping people to choose the transportation options that suit them best. l NHTSA should work to remove regulatory barriers by focusing on updating vehicle standards as well as publishing performance-based rules for the operations of automated vehicles (AVs). l FMCSA should work to clarify the regulations to align with DOT’s AV 3.0 guidance, which would allow the drivers to be safely removed from the operations of a commercial motor vehicle. From a nonregulatory point of view, DOT has pivoted from a successful focus on the voluntary sharing of data to improve safety outcomes to adoption of a more compulsory and antagonistic approach to mandating data collection and publica- tion through a Standing General Order related to automated vehicles. This needs to be reversed. Many of these new and innovative technologies rely on wireless communica- tions that depend on the availability and purchase of radio frequency spectrum, a trend that is consistent with what we see in connectivity in our everyday lives. There is a role for DOT in ensuring that in the fight over spectrum, transportation gets its fair share. For technologies to work in transportation, and in particular to work for transportation safety, they have to meet the unique needs of a transportation — 626 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise environment. They need to account for rapidly moving and out-of-line-of-sight vehicles as well as pedestrians, bicyclists, and other road users. They should account for the potential for radio interference, and they should address security. This is why in 1999, in response to a request from Congress, the Federal Com- munications Commission allocated the 5.9 GHz band of spectrum to traffic safety and intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In 2020, the FCC took away 45 MHz of the 75 MHz it had added, leaving only 30 MHz for transportation safety and ITS. DOT needs to represent the transportation community and make the case for needed spectrum to the public and Congress. CORPORATE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY (CAFE) STANDARDS One reason for the high numbers of injuries on American roadways is that national fuel economy standards raise the price of cars, disincentivizing people from purchasing newer, safer vehicles. Congress requires the Secretary of Transportation to set national fuel econ- omy standards for new motor vehicles sold in the United States. This mandate was established in the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA),6 a law passed in the wake of the Arab oil embargo to promote greater energy efficiency and lessen the national security threat of U.S. dependence on foreign oil. The stat- ute directs DOT to prescribe the “maximum feasible” mileage requirements for different categories of internal-combustion engine (ICE) automobiles for each model year. The standards must be achievable using available ICE technologies running on gasoline, diesel fuel, or similar combustible fuels and must not be set so high as to prevent automakers from profitably producing new vehicles at sufficient volume to meet consumer demand. Congress recognized that the ICE-powered automobile has been instrumen- tal to advancing the mobility and prosperity of the American people and that the domestic mass production of new ICE vehicles generates millions of jobs and remains critical to the overall health of the U.S. economy and the strength of the nation’s industrial base. Accordingly, Congress took care to ensure that the mileage requirements issued by DOT would not undermine the vitality of America’s auto industry or interfere with the market economics that drives consumer demand for new vehicles. This rulemaking authority, which has been delegated by the Secretary to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, is exclusive to DOT. EPCA expressly preempts states from adopting or enforcing any different requirement “related to fuel economy standards” for new motor vehicles. While the statute instructs DOT to consult with the Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in formulating its standards, no other federal agency, including EPA, has clear authority to set fuel economy requirements in place of NHTSA. The Clean Air Act7 gives EPA general authority to establish emissions

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Policy matches are calculated using semantic similarity between bill summaries and Project 2025 policy text. A score of 60% or higher indicates meaningful thematic overlap. This does not imply direct causation or intent, but highlights areas where legislation aligns with Project 2025 policy objectives.

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