NOPAIN for Veterans Act

Download PDF
Bill ID: 119/hr/4509
Last Updated: December 20, 2025

Sponsored by

Rep. Landsman, Greg [D-OH-1]

ID: L000601

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Referred to the Subcommittee on Health.

December 19, 2025

Introduced

Committee Review

📍 Current Status

Next: The bill moves to the floor for full chamber debate and voting.

🗳️

Floor Action

âś…

Passed House

🏛️

Senate Review

🎉

Passed Congress

🖊️

Presidential Action

⚖️

Became Law

📚 How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [H.R. 4509 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>

119th CONGRESS 1st Session H. R. 4509

To amend title 38, United States Code, to ensure that the Secretary of Veterans Affairs furnishes certain non-opioid pain medications to veterans, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

IN T...

Related Topics

Civil Rights & Liberties Government Operations & Accountability Congressional Rules & Procedures Small Business & Entrepreneurship Criminal Justice & Law Enforcement Federal Budget & Appropriations National Security & Intelligence Transportation & Infrastructure State & Local Government Affairs
Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (Dr. Haus personality)

đź’° Campaign Finance Network

Rep. Landsman, Greg [D-OH-1]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions
$69,092
19 donors
PACs
$0
Organizations
$3,000
Committees
$0
Individuals
$66,092

No PAC contributions found

1
CHEROKEE NATION
2 transactions
$2,000
2
SAN MANUEL BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
1 transaction
$1,000

No committee contributions found

1
BILLS, MICHAEL D
2 transactions
$6,600
2
KANJANAVAIKOON, PAIYARUT
2 transactions
$6,600
3
SAWICKI, JEREMY
2 transactions
$6,600
4
SOSNICK, AARON
1 transaction
$3,392
5
FISHER, CYNTHIA
1 transaction
$3,300
6
HIRSCHTICK, JON
1 transaction
$3,300
7
PFAUTCH, ROY
1 transaction
$3,300
8
TISCH, JONATHAN
1 transaction
$3,300
9
TISCH, LIZZIE
1 transaction
$3,300
10
BEEUWKES, REINIER
1 transaction
$3,300
11
BUCY, ASHLIE
1 transaction
$3,300
12
FROEHLICH, TANYA
1 transaction
$3,300
13
GOLDMAN FOWLER, AMY
1 transaction
$3,300
14
HACKMAN, MICHAEL
1 transaction
$3,300
15
MILLER, SKIP
1 transaction
$3,300
16
SANDBERG, SHERYL
1 transaction
$3,300
17
SCHALL, BRIAN
1 transaction
$3,300

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 10 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Rep. Van Orden, Derrick [R-WI-3]

ID: V000135

Top Contributors

10

1
EASTERN BAND OF CHEROKEE INDIANS
Organization CHEROKEE, NC
$3,300
Dec 9, 2024
2
HO CHUNK NATION
Organization BLACK RIVER FALLS, WI
$3,300
Nov 2, 2024
3
FOREST COUNTY POTAWATOMI COMMUNITY
Organization CRANDON, WI
$3,300
Sep 17, 2024
4
AIPAC PAC CONDUIT ACCOUNT
Organization WASHINGTON, DC
$500
Oct 23, 2024
5
ALLIANCE OF BANKERS FOR WISCONSIN
Organization MADISON, WI
$250
Apr 23, 2024
6
ANDERSON, JOHN R. MR.
ANDERSON ENTERPRISES LLC • OWNER
Individual ROCKFORD, IL
$10,000
Dec 19, 2023
7
BROIN, JEFF
POET LLC • CEO
Individual SIOUX FALLS, SD
$6,600
Aug 24, 2023
8
UIHLEIN, RICHARD E. MR.
ULINE INC. • CEO
Individual LAKE BLUFF, IL
$6,600
Feb 28, 2023
9
LEVY, EDWARD C.
EDW. C. LEVY CO. • CHAIRMAN
Individual BIRMINGHAM, MI
$6,600
Mar 28, 2024
10
LEVY, EDWARD C.
Individual BIRMINGHAM, MI
$6,600
May 6, 2024

Rep. Pappas, Chris [D-NH-1]

ID: P000614

Top Contributors

10

1
OTOE MISSOURIA TRIBE OF OKLAHOMA
Organization RED ROCK, OK
$3,300
Nov 4, 2024
2
THE CHICKSAW NATION
Organization ADA, OK
$2,300
Oct 7, 2024
3
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
Organization PRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,650
Jun 5, 2023
4
BARONA BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
Organization LAKESIDE, CA
$1,500
May 19, 2023
5
THE CHICKSAW NATION
Organization ADA, OK
$1,000
Jun 14, 2024
6
DUDA, JENNIFER
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
Individual MENLO PARK, CA
$3,300
Oct 23, 2024
7
JURVETSON, KARLA
SELF EMPLOYED • PHYSICIAN
Individual LOS ALTOS, CA
$3,300
Oct 17, 2024
8
SCHUSTER, MARK
WINGATE COMPANIES • CHAIRMAN
Individual NEWTON CENTRE, MA
$3,300
Oct 22, 2024
9
STOVER, MATTHEW
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
Individual CHESTER, NH
$3,300
Oct 26, 2024
10
WALSH, MARK
AMALGAMATED BANK • BANKER
Individual BOSTON, MA
$3,300
Oct 23, 2024

Rep. Bergman, Jack [R-MI-1]

ID: B001301

Top Contributors

10

1
MATCH-E-BE-NASH-SHE-WISH BAND OF POTTAWATOMI INDIANS
Organization SHELBYVILLE, MI
$3,300
Dec 8, 2023
2
SAGINAW CHIPPEWA INDIAN TRIBE
Organization MT. PLEASANT, MI
$3,300
Dec 8, 2023
3
POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS
Organization ATMORE, AL
$3,300
Jun 17, 2024
4
POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS
Organization ATMORE, AL
$3,300
Jun 30, 2023
5
PECHANGA BAND OF LUISENO INDIANS
Organization TEMECULA, CA
$3,000
Dec 31, 2023
6
SAULT STE MARIE TRIBE OF CHIPPEWA INDIANS
Organization SAULT SAINTE MARIE, MI
$2,900
Dec 7, 2023
7
BERNARD, BRETT
EPM REAL ESTATE • REALTOR
Individual CORDOVA, TN
$3,262
Sep 2, 2023
8
JOHNSON, SHIRLEY
RETIRED • RETIRED
Individual MEMPHIS, TN
$1,573
Jun 22, 2023
9
STOWELL, DAVID
RETIRED • RETIRED
Individual MEMPHIS, TN
$1,100
Oct 23, 2024
10
MCKNETT, WILLIAM
PROTEK • CONTRACTOR
Individual OAKLAND, TN
$1,000
Feb 5, 2024

Rep. Sewell, Terri A. [D-AL-7]

ID: S001185

Top Contributors

10

1
FRIENDS OF MARCIA PRICE
COM NEWPORT NEWS, VA
$500
Mar 28, 2024
2
BUFFALO ROCK COMPANY
Organization BIRMINGHAM, AL
$5,000
Oct 15, 2024
3
POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS
Organization ATMORE, AL
$3,300
Mar 26, 2024
4
POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS
Organization ATMORE, AL
$3,300
Sep 21, 2023
5
BUFFALO ROCK COMPANY
Organization BIRMINGHAM, AL
$2,500
Sep 10, 2024
6
BUFFALO ROCK COMPANY
Organization BIRMINGHAM, AL
$2,500
Sep 30, 2024
7
LAW OFFICES OF FREDERICK GRAEFE LLC
Organization WASHINGTON, DC
$500
Sep 30, 2023
8
CHIROPRACTIC CARE INC.
Organization GULF SHORES, AL
$250
Feb 26, 2024
9
BROWN, CANDACE P.
NONE • RETIRED
Individual FLORENCE, SC
$4,500
Sep 6, 2024
10
BROWN, JAMES A.
SMS COMPANY • VICE PRESIDENT
Individual FLORENCE, SC
$4,500
Sep 6, 2024

Rep. Hamadeh, Abraham J. [R-AZ-8]

ID: H001098

Top Contributors

10

1
CLB PARTNERS
Organization GILBERT, AZ
$12,000
Jan 28, 2024
2
ADVANTAGE INSURANCE PLLC
Organization PHOENIX, AZ
$3,300
May 7, 2024
3
JARDIN RATZKEN PLLC
Organization TEMPE, AZ
$1,000
Feb 26, 2024
4
JARDIN RATZKEN PLLC
Organization TEMPE, AZ
$1,000
Mar 26, 2024
5
HAMADEH, WASEEM J
HOH INVESTMENT GROUP • MANAGING MEMBER
Individual PHOENIX, AZ
$13,200
Dec 29, 2023
6
MANLEY, DWIGHT
SELF-EMPLOYED • INVESTMENTS
Individual BREA, CA
$13,200
Dec 13, 2023
7
HAYDEN, STEPHEN
ENTREPRENEUR • ENTREPRENEUR
Individual ELLENSBURG, WA
$13,200
Mar 14, 2024
8
PRICE, KAPU
PATRIOT DISPOSAL • SELF-EMPLOYED
Individual PRESCOTT, AZ
$13,200
Feb 29, 2024
9
HAYDEN, STEPHEN
ENTREPRENEUR • ENTREPRENEUR
Individual ELLENSBURG, WA
$13,200
Mar 14, 2024
10
NOWOCIEN, PIOTR
RETIRED • RETIRED
Individual PINECREST, FL
$9,900
Mar 16, 2024

Rep. Khanna, Ro [D-CA-17]

ID: K000389

Top Contributors

10

1
1850 WILLIAMS INVESTORS LLC
Organization ALAMO, CA
$3,300
Mar 5, 2024
2
SIRHAN, MOTASIM
ELIXIR • EXECUTIVE
Individual MILPITAS, CA
$13,200
Jan 3, 2024
3
PAPIER, SUSAN
WERBA RUBIN PAPIER WEALTH MANAGEMENT • EXECUTIVE
Individual SAN JOSE, CA
$13,200
Mar 29, 2024
4
CLEMENS, NICOLE
PARAMOUNT GLOBAL • EXECUTIVE
Individual PACIFIC PALISADES, CA
$13,200
Mar 30, 2024
5
PAPIER, JASON
WERBA RUBIN PAPIER WEALTH MANAGEMENT • EXECUTIVE
Individual SAN JOSE, CA
$13,200
Mar 29, 2024
6
COGEN, JACK
NOT EMPLOYED • RETIRED
Individual NEW YORK, NY
$13,200
May 15, 2024
7
CLEMENS, NICOLE
Individual PACIFIC PALISADES, CA
$12,200
Mar 31, 2024
8
YOUNIS, QASAR
APPLIED INTUITION • EXECUTIVE
Individual LOS ALTOS, CA
$9,900
Mar 31, 2024
9
PAPIER, SUSAN
Individual SAN JOSE, CA
$9,900
Mar 31, 2024
10
PAPIER, JASON
Individual SAN JOSE, CA
$9,900
Mar 31, 2024

Rep. Stanton, Greg [D-AZ-4]

ID: S001211

Top Contributors

10

1
AK-CHIN INDIAN COMMUNITY
Organization MARICOPA, AZ
$3,300
Mar 29, 2023
2
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
Organization ROHNERT PARK, CA
$3,300
May 31, 2023
3
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
Organization ROHNERT PARK, CA
$3,300
May 31, 2023
4
GILA RIVER INDIAN COMMUNITY
Organization SACATON, AZ
$3,300
Oct 16, 2024
5
TOONO 0'ODHAM NATION
Organization SELLS, AZ
$3,300
Oct 22, 2024
6
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
Organization BANNING, CA
$2,000
Sep 25, 2023
7
SALT RIVER PIMA MARICOPA INDIAN COMMUNITY
Organization SCOTTSDALE, AZ
$2,000
Jul 31, 2023
8
SALT RIVER PIMA MARICOPA INDIAN COMMUNITY
Organization SCOTTSDALE, AZ
$1,700
May 29, 2024
9
BARONA BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
Organization LAKESIDE, CA
$1,500
May 19, 2023
10
ONEIDA NATION
Organization ONEIDA, WI
$1,000
Jul 31, 2023

Rep. Suozzi, Thomas R. [D-NY-3]

ID: S001201

Top Contributors

10

1
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
Organization ROHNERT PARK, CA
$3,300
Aug 3, 2024
2
SCOTTO LLC
Organization WOODBURY, NY
$1,650
Aug 30, 2024
3
PATROON OPERATING CO. LLC
Organization NEW YORK, NY
$1,000
May 13, 2024
4
THE KLAR ORGANIZATION
Organization EAST MEADOW, NY
$1,000
Aug 8, 2024
5
TERIAN, OLIVIA
Individual NEW YORK, NY
$9,400
May 2, 2024
6
TERIAN, OLIVIA
OLIVIA TERIAN ART & DESIGN • BUSINESS OWNER
Individual NEW YORK, NY
$6,600
Mar 8, 2024
7
MORAN, MARY
NOT EMPLOYED • RETIRED
Individual GREENWICH, CT
$6,600
Mar 28, 2024
8
MORAN, MARY
Individual GREENWICH, CT
$6,600
May 2, 2024
9
FAIVUS, HARRY E.
MOUNT SINAI • PHYSICIAN
Individual NEW YORK, NY
$5,000
Oct 31, 2024
10
SOSNICK, AARON
Individual RENO, NV
$3,392
Jun 25, 2024

Rep. Craig, Angie [D-MN-2]

ID: C001119

Top Contributors

10

1
DJX INVESTMENTS LLC
Organization TOLEDO, OH
$1,700
May 1, 2024
2
ROBERT ESTLE ESTATE
Organization OAKWOOD, OH
$900
Sep 11, 2024
3
NEWCOMER, SHAFFER, SPANGLER, BREININGER LLC
Organization BRYAN, OH
$700
May 1, 2024
4
SPITNALE PIGS LLC
Organization DEFIANCE, OH
$700
May 1, 2024
5
FRANKART ENTERPRISES LLC
Organization CLYDE, OH
$250
May 1, 2024
6
SCHWARZBEK INVESTMENTS, LTD (LLC)
Organization SHERWOOD, OH
$250
Jul 5, 2023
7
ALLEN BOONE HUMPHRIES ROBINSON LLP
Organization HOUSTON, TX
$3,300
Dec 21, 2023
8
THE CHICKASAW NATION
Organization ADA, OK
$3,300
May 23, 2024
9
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
Organization PRIOR LAKE, MN
$3,300
Oct 30, 2023
10
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
Organization PRIOR LAKE, MN
$3,300
May 23, 2024

Rep. Pettersen, Brittany [D-CO-7]

ID: P000620

Top Contributors

10

1
HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE TRIBE OF CALIFORNIA
Organization UPPER LAKE, CA
$3,300
Mar 31, 2023
2
HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE TRIBE OF CALIFORNIA
Organization UPPER LAKE, CA
$3,300
Mar 31, 2023
3
OTOE-MISSOURIA TRIBE OF OKLAHOMA
Organization RED ROCK, OK
$3,300
Mar 31, 2023
4
OTOE-MISSOURIA TRIBE OF OKLAHOMA
Organization RED ROCK, OK
$3,300
Mar 31, 2023
5
TURTLE MOUNTAIN BAND OF CHIPPEWA OF NORTH DAKOTA
Organization BELCOURT, ND
$3,300
Mar 31, 2023
6
TURTLE MOUNTAIN BAND OF CHIPPEWA OF NORTH DAKOTA
Organization BELCOURT, ND
$3,300
Jun 10, 2024
7
EASTERN BAND OF CHEROKEE INDIANS
Organization CHEROKEE, NC
$3,300
Oct 16, 2024
8
THE CHICKASAW NATION
Organization ADA, OK
$2,300
Dec 21, 2023
9
BGR GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS, LLC
Organization WASHINGTON, DC
$1,000
Oct 12, 2023
10
THE CHICKASAW NATION
Organization ADA, OK
$1,000
May 22, 2023

Donor Network - Rep. Landsman, Greg [D-OH-1]

PACs
Organizations
Individuals
Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

Loading...

Showing 39 nodes and 38 connections

Total contributions: $121,242

Top Donors - Rep. Landsman, Greg [D-OH-1]

Showing top 19 donors by contribution amount

2 Orgs17 Individuals

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document. Higher similarity scores indicate stronger thematic connections.

Introduction

Low 52.2%
Pages: 688-691

— 655 — Department of Veterans Affairs ENDNOTES 1. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Division, VHA Directive 1003, “VHA Veteran Patient Experience,” April 14, 2020, pp. 1 and B-1. 2. S. 2372, VA Mission Act of 2018, Public Law No. 115-182, 115th Congress, June 6, 2018, https://www.congress. gov/115/plaws/publ182/PLAW-115publ182.pdf (accessed January 30, 2023). 3. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA History Office, “VA History,” last updated May 27, 2021, https://www. va.gov/HISTORY/VA_History/Overview.asp (accessed January 28, 2023). 4. 38 U.S. Code § 1116, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/38/1116 (accessed January 28, 2023). 5. S. 3373, Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring Our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022 (Honoring Our PACT Act of 2022), Public Law No. 117-168, 117th Congress, August 10, 2022, https://www. congress.gov/117/plaws/publ168/PLAW-117publ168.pdf (accessed January 28, 2023). 6. H.R. 2471, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, Public Law No. 117-103, 117th Congress, March 15, 2022, Division S, Title I, https://www.congress.gov/117/plaws/publ103/PLAW-117publ103.pdf (accessed March 18, 2023). Known variously as the Department of Veterans Affairs Nurse and Physician Assistant Retention and Income Security Enhancement Act and the VA Nurse and Physician Assistant RAISE Act. 7. See note 5, supra.

Introduction

Low 52.2%
Pages: 688-691

— 655 — Department of Veterans Affairs ENDNOTES 1. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Division, VHA Directive 1003, “VHA Veteran Patient Experience,” April 14, 2020, pp. 1 and B-1. 2. S. 2372, VA Mission Act of 2018, Public Law No. 115-182, 115th Congress, June 6, 2018, https://www.congress. gov/115/plaws/publ182/PLAW-115publ182.pdf (accessed January 30, 2023). 3. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA History Office, “VA History,” last updated May 27, 2021, https://www. va.gov/HISTORY/VA_History/Overview.asp (accessed January 28, 2023). 4. 38 U.S. Code § 1116, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/38/1116 (accessed January 28, 2023). 5. S. 3373, Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring Our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022 (Honoring Our PACT Act of 2022), Public Law No. 117-168, 117th Congress, August 10, 2022, https://www. congress.gov/117/plaws/publ168/PLAW-117publ168.pdf (accessed January 28, 2023). 6. H.R. 2471, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, Public Law No. 117-103, 117th Congress, March 15, 2022, Division S, Title I, https://www.congress.gov/117/plaws/publ103/PLAW-117publ103.pdf (accessed March 18, 2023). Known variously as the Department of Veterans Affairs Nurse and Physician Assistant Retention and Income Security Enhancement Act and the VA Nurse and Physician Assistant RAISE Act. 7. See note 5, supra. — 657 — Section Four THE ECONOMY The next Administration must prioritize the economic prosperity of ordi- nary Americans. For several decades, establishment “elites” have failed the citizenry by refusing to secure the border, outsourcing manufacturing to China and elsewhere, spending recklessly, regulating constantly, and generally controlling the country from the top down rather than letting it flourish from the bottom up. The proper role of government, as was articulated nearly 250 years ago, is to secure our God-given, unalienable rights in order that we might enjoy the pursuit of happiness, the benefits of free enterprise, and the blessings of liberty. Finding the right approach to trade policy is key to the fortunes of everyday Americans. In Chapter 26, president of the Competitive Enterprise Institute Kent Lassman and former White House director of trade and manufacturing policy Peter Navarro debate what an effective conservative trade policy would look like. Lass- man argues that the best trade policy is a humble, limited-government approach that would encourage free trade with all nations. He maintains that aggressive trade policies involve an increased government role that future leftist Administra- tions will utilize to push “climate change” and “equity”-based activism. Focusing more on gross domestic product (GDP) growth than on median income, he writes that “people mistakenly believe that U.S. manufacturing and the U.S. economy are in decline” when in truth “American manufacturing output is currently at an all-time high.” Meanwhile, we continue to experience “record-setting real GDP” despite our “long-run decline in manufacturing employment.” Lassman does not think that an aggressive U.S. trade policy would lead to more manufacturing jobs. Rather, he writes, “Federal Reserve research shows” that the

Introduction

Low 49.2%
Pages: 679-681

— 646 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise 3. Section 121 (developing and administering an education program that teaches veterans about their health care options available from the Department of Veterans Affairs). 4. Section 152 (returning the Office for Innovation of Care and Payment to the Office of Enterprise Integration with a joint governance process set up with the VHA). 5. Section 161 (overhauling Family Caregiver Program expansion, which has gone poorly, so that it focuses on consistency of eligibility and awareness that the most severely wounded or injured may require the program indefinitely). l Require the VHA to report publicly on all aspects of its operation, including quality, safety, patient experience, timeliness, and cost-effectiveness, using standards similar to those in the Medicare Accountable Care Organization program so that the government may monitor and achieve continuous improvement in the VA system more effectively. l Encourage VA Medical Centers to seek out relevant academic and private- sector input in their communities to improve the overall patient experience. Budget l Conduct an independent audit of the VA similar to the 2018 Department of Defense (DOD) audit to identify IT, management, financial, contracting, and other deficiencies. l Assess the misalignment of VHA facilities and rising infrastructure costs. The VHA operates 172 inpatient medical facilities nationally that are an average of 60 years old. Some of these facilities are underutilized and inadequately staffed. Facilities in certain urban and rural areas are seeing significant declines in the veteran population and strong competition for fresh medical staff. In 2018, Congress authorized an Asset Infrastructure Review (AIR) of national VHA medical markets to provide insight into where the VA health care budget should be responsibly allocated to serve veterans most effectively. However, the Senate Veterans Affairs Committee lacked the political will to act on the White House’s nominations of commission members, and this ultimately led to termination of the AIR process. The next Administration should seek out agile, creative, and politically acceptable operational solutions to this aging infrastructure status quo,

Showing 3 of 5 policy matches

About These Correlations

Policy matches are calculated using semantic similarity between bill summaries and Project 2025 policy text. A score of 60% or higher indicates meaningful thematic overlap. This does not imply direct causation or intent, but highlights areas where legislation aligns with Project 2025 policy objectives.