ARMOR Act

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Bill ID: 119/hr/4233
Last Updated: July 18, 2026

Sponsored by

Rep. Kim, Young [R-CA-40]

ID: K000397

Follow the money

The bill

ARMOR Act

HR. 4233, 119th Congress — read as touching Defense Contractors.

The sponsor

Rep. Kim, Young [R-CA-40]

Every bill has someone who introduced it. That name is where the paper trail starts.

The money

$110,460 raised

30 itemised contributions to this sponsor, pulled from FEC filings.

The alignment

85% match to Project 2025

This bill's text tracks the "Department of Defense" section, p. 134-136 of the Mandate for Leadership.

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.

September 2, 2025

Introduced

Committee Review

Floor Action

Passed House

Senate Review

📍 Current Status

Next: Both chambers must agree on the same version of the bill.

🎉

Passed Congress

🖊️

Presidential Action

⚖️

Became Law

📚 How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

Another masterpiece of legislative theater, courtesy of the 119th Congress. The ARMOR Act, a bill so cleverly crafted that it's almost as if its authors thought they could fool me into believing it's about something other than greasing the wheels of the military-industrial complex.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The ARMOR Act claims to "modify provisions relating to defense trade and cooperation among Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States." How noble. In reality, this bill is a Trojan horse for the arms industry, designed to streamline the export of defense articles and services to our closest allies. The real objective? To further entrench the United States as the world's leading arms dealer, while pretending to promote "defense cooperation" and "national security."

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill expands expedited review of export licenses for defense articles and services, making it easier for companies like Lockheed Martin and Boeing to peddle their wares to Australia and the UK. It also clarifies congressional notification requirements, essentially giving lawmakers a free pass to ignore the details of these exports. And, because who needs transparency, anyway? The bill requires the Secretary of State to review the Excluded Technologies List annually, but only to ensure that it's not too restrictive for our friends in the arms industry.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The usual suspects benefit from this bill: defense contractors, their lobbyists, and the politicians who take their money. The Australian and UK governments will also get a boost, as they'll have easier access to American-made arms. And, of course, the American people will be treated to more jobs, more growth, and more opportunities for our military-industrial complex to profit from perpetual war.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** The ARMOR Act will likely lead to an increase in arms exports, which will, in turn, fuel further militarization and conflict around the world. It's a classic case of the "iron triangle" at work: politicians, defense contractors, and the military-industrial complex all benefit from this bill, while the public is left to foot the bill – literally. This legislation is a symptom of a deeper disease: the corrupting influence of money in politics and the insatiable appetite for war that drives our foreign policy.

In conclusion, the ARMOR Act is a masterclass in legislative doublespeak, designed to obscure its true purpose behind a veil of bureaucratic jargon and patriotic rhetoric. But don't worry, folks; I've got my scalpel ready to dissect this monstrosity and expose it for what it truly is: a cynical ploy to line the pockets of defense contractors and perpetuate our addiction to war.

Related Topics

Trade & International CommerceDefense Spending & Procurement
Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (Dr. Haus personality)

💰 Campaign Finance Network

Rep. Kim, Young [R-CA-40]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions
$110,460
23 donors
PACs
$0
Organizations
$37,860
Committees
$0
Individuals
$72,600

No PAC contributions found

1
PECHANGA BAND OF LUISENO INDIANS
2 transactions
$6,600
2
HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE
1 transaction
$3,300
3
OTOE MISSOURIA TRIBE OF OKLAHOMA
1 transaction
$3,300
4
TURTLE MOUNTAIN BAND OF CHIPPEWA OF NORTH DAKOTA
1 transaction
$3,300
5
AGUA CALIENTE BAND OF CAHUILLA INDIANS
1 transaction
$3,300
6
SAN MANUEL BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
2 transactions
$3,300
7
AT&T INC & ITS AFFLIATES
1 transaction
$3,000
8
SANTA YNEZ BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
2 transactions
$3,000
9
ABBVIE PAC - FEDERAL PAC
1 transaction
$2,500
10
ISE-SHIMA
1 transaction
$1,760
11
BARONA BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
1 transaction
$1,500
12
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
1 transaction
$1,000
13
PIONEER PHARMACY
2 transactions
$1,000
14
JACKSON FAMILY TRUST
1 transaction
$500
15
LAW OFFICES OF PETER CHEN
1 transaction
$500

No committee contributions found

1
DRESNER, LINDA
2 transactions
$13,200
2
LEVY, EDWARD
2 transactions
$13,200
3
SILVERMAN, JEFFREY
2 transactions
$13,200
4
AMBROSE, JOAN
1 transaction
$6,600
5
WEEKLEY, RICHARD
1 transaction
$6,600
6
REGIABA, ADAM
1 transaction
$6,600
7
VANDER SLOOT, FRANK
1 transaction
$6,600
8
VANDER SLOOT, BELINDA
1 transaction
$6,600

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 6 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Rep. Dean, Madeleine [D-PA-4]

ID: D000631

Top Contributors

10

1
LEVIN, CARYL
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualELKINS PARK, PA
$5,000
Nov 3, 2024
2
LINDY, ALAN
LINDY PROPERTY MANAGEMENT • PROPERTY MANAGEMENT
IndividualAMBLER, PA
$3,500
Oct 28, 2024
3
BECKER, DEBBIE M
NOT EMPLOYED • RETIRED
IndividualWYNNEWOOD, PA
$3,300
Nov 4, 2024
4
BECKER, WILLIAM P.
BECKER & FRONDORF • RETIRED
IndividualWYNNEWOOD, PA
$3,300
Nov 4, 2024
5
KRAUSZ, STEVEN
US VENTURE PARTNERS • VENTURE CAPITAL
IndividualPORTOLA VALLEY, CA
$3,300
Oct 23, 2024
6
ERICKSEN, EUGENE P
SELF • STATISTICIAN
IndividualPHILADELPHIA, PA
$3,300
Jul 1, 2023
7
FINK, WILLIAM
SELF • CPA
IndividualDOWNINGTOWN, PA
$3,300
Aug 4, 2023
8
LINDY, FRANK
LINDY COMMUNITIES • REAL ESTATE
IndividualELKINS PARK, PA
$3,300
Jul 25, 2023
9
MILLER, LESLIE ANNE ESQ.
SELF EMPLOYED • ATTORNEY
IndividualBRYN MAWR, PA
$3,300
Aug 24, 2023
10
SCATTONE, FRANCESCO
RENAISSANCE TECHNOLOGIES • FINANCE
IndividualWYNDMOOR, PA
$3,300
Jul 27, 2023

Rep. Zinke, Ryan K. [R-MT-1]

ID: Z000018

Top Contributors

10

1
PASCUA YAQUI TRIBE
OrganizationTUCSON, AZ
$3,300
Dec 31, 2023
2
PECHANGA BAND OF INDIANS
OrganizationTEMECULA, CA
$3,300
Feb 5, 2024
3
PECHANGA BAND OF INDIANS
OrganizationTEMECULA, CA
$3,300
Feb 5, 2024
4
THE TULALIP TRIBES OF WASHINGTON
OrganizationTULALIP, WA
$3,300
Jun 30, 2024
5
PALA BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationPALA, CA
$2,500
Jun 6, 2023
6
CONFEDERATED SALISH AND KOOTENAI TRIBES OF THE FLATHEAD NATION
OrganizationPABLO, MT
$2,350
Mar 20, 2023
7
SANTA YNEZ BAND OF MISSION INDIAN TRIBE
OrganizationSANTA YNEZ, CA
$2,000
Oct 28, 2024
8
SHINGLE SPRINGS BAND MIWOK INDIANS
OrganizationPLACERVILLE, CA
$2,000
Jan 16, 2024
9
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationBANNING, CA
$2,000
Mar 5, 2024
10
AK-CHIN INDIAN COMMUNITY
OrganizationMARICOPA, AZ
$2,000
Sep 30, 2024

Rep. Lawler, Michael [R-NY-17]

ID: L000599

Top Contributors

10

1
MURTAGH, COSSU, VENDITTI & CASTRO-BLANCO, LLP
OrganizationWHITE PLAINS, NY
$1,000
Feb 24, 2024
2
BATMASIAN, JAMES
INVESTMENTS LIMITED • OWNER
IndividualBOCA RATON, FL
$6,600
Sep 27, 2023
3
BATMASIAN, JAMES
IndividualBOCA RATON, FL
$6,600
Sep 29, 2023
4
AUSTIN, ROBERT
UNAKA CO., INC. • BUSINESSMAN
IndividualDALLAS, TX
$6,600
Jul 18, 2024
5
SILVERMAN, JEFFREY
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualSURFSIDE, FL
$6,534
Feb 15, 2024
6
SILVERMAN, JEFFREY
IndividualSURFSIDE, FL
$6,534
Feb 22, 2024
7
SCALA, MARY ELLEN
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualPORT CHESTER, NY
$5,300
Aug 27, 2023
8
DEUTSCH, SHMULEY
SELF • PRESIDENT
IndividualSPRING VALLEY, NY
$3,900
Jun 24, 2024
9
DEUTSCH, SHMULEY
IndividualSPRING VALLEY, NY
$3,900
Jun 25, 2024
10
PERLMUTTER, RAFUEL
GOLDEN TASTE • CEO
IndividualSPRING VALLEY, NY
$3,400
Jun 24, 2024

Rep. Amo, Gabe [D-RI-1]

ID: A000380

Top Contributors

10

1
HOFFMAN, REID
GREYLOCK PARTNERS • VENTURE CAPITALIST
IndividualANACORTES, WA
$6,600
Sep 29, 2023
2
HOFFMAN, REID
GREYLOCK PARTNERS • VENTURE CAPITALIST
IndividualANACORTES, WA
$6,600
Sep 29, 2023
3
CHACE, ARNOLD
CORNISH ASSOCIATES • REAL ESTATE DEVELOPER
IndividualPROVIDENCE, RI
$3,300
Oct 24, 2024
4
FISHER, CYNTHIA
PATIENTRIGHTSADVOCATE.ORG • FOUNDER AND CHAIRMAN
IndividualPALM BEACH, FL
$3,300
Oct 24, 2024
5
MOCARSKI, THADEUS
NOVACAP MANAGEMENT • INVESTOR
IndividualTIVERTON, RI
$3,300
Oct 28, 2024
6
SCHOENFELDER, LUKE
ALTAMIRA HOLDING COMPANY • CHAIRMAN
IndividualMIAMI BEACH, FL
$3,300
Nov 4, 2024
7
LANDRY, BARRIE
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualBOSTON, MA
$3,300
Dec 21, 2023
8
LAVINE, JEANNIE
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualBOSTON, MA
$3,300
Dec 22, 2023
9
LAVINE, JONATHAN
BAIN CAPITAL • INVESTOR
IndividualBOSTON, MA
$3,300
Dec 22, 2023
10
HIRSCH, JEFFREY
STARZ • EXECUTIVE
IndividualBEVERLY HILLS, CA
$3,300
Feb 22, 2024

Rep. Baumgartner, Michael [R-WA-5]

ID: B001322

Top Contributors

10

1
THE CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF THE COLVILLE RESERVATION
OrganizationNESPELEM, WA
$3,300
Jul 30, 2024
2
THE CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF THE COLVILLE RESERVATION
OrganizationNESPELEM, WA
$3,300
Aug 23, 2024
3
KALISPEL TRIBAL ECONOMIC AUTHORITY
OrganizationAIRWAY HEIGHTS, WA
$2,300
Oct 29, 2024
4
THE CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF THE COLVILLE RESERVATION
OrganizationNESPELEM, WA
$2,000
Dec 31, 2024
5
KALISPEL TRIBAL ECONOMIC AUTHORITY
OrganizationAIRWAY HEIGHTS, WA
$1,000
Jul 29, 2024
6
YAKAMA NATION
OrganizationTOPPENISH, WA
$1,000
Oct 16, 2024
7
JHASHI, VAJA
SELF-EMPLOYED • ENERGY CONSULTANT
IndividualNYACK, NY
$13,200
Jul 22, 2024
8
BENNETT, GREGG
NONE • RETIRED
IndividualORONDO, WA
$6,600
Mar 10, 2024
9
CONNORS, JOHN
VENTURE CAPITAL • IGNITION PARTNERS
IndividualMEDINA, WA
$6,600
Mar 28, 2024
10
CONNORS, KATHY
NONE • HOMEMAKER
IndividualMEDINA, WA
$6,600
Mar 28, 2024

Del. Radewagen, Aumua Amata Coleman [R-AS-At Large]

ID: R000600

Top Contributors

0

No contribution data available

Donor Network - Rep. Kim, Young [R-CA-40]

PACs
Organizations
Individuals
Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

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Showing 80 nodes and 45 connections (72 secondary connections hidden)

Total contributions: $171,760

Top Donors - Rep. Kim, Young [R-CA-40]

Showing top 23 donors by contribution amount

15 Orgs8 Individuals

Industry Impact

Which industries are materially affected by specific provisions in this bill. 1 helped.

  • +Defense Contractorsconfidence 0.95

    Section 3(a)(1) expands expedited review of export licenses for defense articles and services wholly within or between Australia, Canada, the UK, and the US, reducing regulatory burden and facilitating defense trade, which benefits defense contractors.

Who funds the sponsor on these industries

For each industry this bill affects, here's what the sponsor (Rep. Kim, Young [R-CA-40])received from donors associated with that industry during the 2022–present cycles. Donations are not proof of intent — they are a record of who funds the people writing the law.

Industries this bill HELPS

  • from 40 contributions
    • BANGERT, LOUIS$633
    • PEDDIBHOTLA, SRIRAM$500
    • DOUGLASS, JOHN$95

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document.AI-enhanced analysis provides detailed alignment ratings.

Department of Defense

Strong
Vector: 65%
Pages: 134-136AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The ARMOR Act aligns closely with Project 2025's goals of streamlining defense trade, reducing bureaucratic delays in the FMS process, and enhancing cooperation with key allies like the UK, Canada, and Australia by expanding expedited export licensing and reviewing exclusion lists."

Key themes:defense trade streamliningexpedited export licensingally cooperation (UK, Canada, Australia)reducing bureaucratic delaysnational security balance

— 101 — Department of Defense 1. Ensure that senior U.S. military leadership emphasizes exportability in the initial development of defense systems that are both available and interoperable with our partners and allies. 2. Create a funding mechanism to incentivize exportability in initial planning, which can be recouped after future FMS transactions. l End informal congressional notification. Informal congressional notification or “tiered review” is a hinderance to ensuring timely sales to our global partners. The tiered review process is not codified in law; it is merely a practice by which the Department of State provides a preview of prospective arms transfers before Congress is formally notified.9 1. End the tiered review process to eliminate at least 20 days from the FMS process. 2. Use the tiered review process only when unanimous congressional support is guaranteed in order to eliminate the “weaponization” by select Members of Congress that has prevented billions of dollars of arms sales from moving into formal congressional notification. l Minimize barriers to collaboration. The high cost of developing advanced defense platforms requires the United States to collaborate with key allies to minimize waste, complement strengths, and supplement our defense industrial base to create a system that is greater than that of the United States alone. 1. Enhance defense industrial base planning with partners to allow them to focus on niche areas where there are cost advantages for the United States. 2. Decrease International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) to facilitate trade with such allies as the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. 3. Create opportunities to improve the health of the defense supply chain with added opportunities for partners and allies to contribute. l Reform the FMS contracting process. The contracting timeline for the FMS process is shockingly slow. On average, the DOD contracting timeline takes approximately 18 months because of slow bureaucratic processes and chronic understaffing.10

Department of Defense

Strong
Vector: 64%
Pages: 134-136AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The ARMOR Act aligns closely with Project 2025's goals to streamline defense trade, reduce bureaucratic delays in arms sales, and enhance cooperation with key allies like the UK, Canada, and Australia by expediting export licensing and reviewing restricted technology lists."

Key themes:defense trade streamliningallied cooperationexport licensing reformITAR reductionnational security balance

— 101 — Department of Defense 1. Ensure that senior U.S. military leadership emphasizes exportability in the initial development of defense systems that are both available and interoperable with our partners and allies. 2. Create a funding mechanism to incentivize exportability in initial planning, which can be recouped after future FMS transactions. l End informal congressional notification. Informal congressional notification or “tiered review” is a hinderance to ensuring timely sales to our global partners. The tiered review process is not codified in law; it is merely a practice by which the Department of State provides a preview of prospective arms transfers before Congress is formally notified.9 1. End the tiered review process to eliminate at least 20 days from the FMS process. 2. Use the tiered review process only when unanimous congressional support is guaranteed in order to eliminate the “weaponization” by select Members of Congress that has prevented billions of dollars of arms sales from moving into formal congressional notification. l Minimize barriers to collaboration. The high cost of developing advanced defense platforms requires the United States to collaborate with key allies to minimize waste, complement strengths, and supplement our defense industrial base to create a system that is greater than that of the United States alone. 1. Enhance defense industrial base planning with partners to allow them to focus on niche areas where there are cost advantages for the United States. 2. Decrease International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) to facilitate trade with such allies as the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. 3. Create opportunities to improve the health of the defense supply chain with added opportunities for partners and allies to contribute. l Reform the FMS contracting process. The contracting timeline for the FMS process is shockingly slow. On average, the DOD contracting timeline takes approximately 18 months because of slow bureaucratic processes and chronic understaffing.10 — 102 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise 1. Immediately fund more contracting capacity in all services to decrease the contracting timeline and improve the delivery of defense articles to our global partners. 2. Rationalize and speed arms sales decision-making to preclude our enemies from exploiting bureaucratic slothfulness and allow us to manage the development of indigenous defense industrial bases. DOD PERSONNEL The men and women of America’s armed forces are the most critical component of our national defense strategy, but in recent years, they have been overextended, undervalued, and insufficiently resourced. Their families help them to carry the burden of service, but the assistance they receive is disproportionately less than the sacrifices they make. Young civilians who would thrive in a military environ- ment are disenfranchised when educators and influencers discourage them from learning about military service and preparing for the honor of wearing Ameri- ca’s uniform. The United States military is an extraordinary institution, staffed by exceptional people who have defended our nation and changed the course of history, but the Biden Administration, through word and deed, has treated the armed forces as just another place to work. We must restore our military to a place of honor and respect and recruit and retain the individuals who will meet the rigorous standards of excellence that are required for membership in the world’s greatest fighting force. Needed Reforms l Rescue recruiting and retention. Recruiting was the worst in 2022 that it has been in two generations and is expected to be even worse in 2023. Some of the problems are self-inflicted and ongoing. The recruiting problem is not service-specific: It affects the entire Joint Force. 1. Appoint a Special Assistant to the President who will maintain liaison with Congress, DOD, and all other interested parties on the issue of recruiting and retention. 2. Improve recruiting by suspending the use of the recently introduced MHS Genesis system that uses private medical records of potential recruits at Military Entrance Processing Stations (MEPS), creating unnecessary delays and unwarranted rejections.11 3. Improve military recruiters’ access to secondary schools and require completion of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery

Department of Commerce

Moderate
Vector: 66%
Pages: 705-707AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"Both the ARMOR Act and the Project 2025 Commerce section focus on reforming export licensing processes and enhancing national security through technology controls, though the ARMOR Act aims to streamline controls for allied nations while Project 2025 emphasizes tightening controls on adversaries and improving BIS oversight."

Key themes:export licensingtechnology control listsnational securitycongressional oversighttransparency

— 672 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise regulate exports of emerging and foundational technologies. Although the scope of such technologies is vast, to date BIS has only controlled just over 40 of these technologies. This does not meet the clear statutory intent of Congress that ECRA be leveraged to ensure that the United States maintains a technological advantage in technologies bearing upon national security interests. Currently, BIS self-identifies technologies that merit control under the EAR with minimal input from other federal agencies. This mechanism should be improved. BIS should create an open, transparent rulemaking process by which any industry participant, private entity, or branch of the government may, at any time, submit nominations for emerging/foundational technologies for control. Then, on a quarterly basis, BIS should make public such recommendations (while holding the identity of the submitter confidential) for public input, followed by an explanation about its ultimate decision to control or not control the items, its reasons, the level of controls applied (stringent or permissive), and the relevant Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) under the Commerce Control List. Commerce should also institute a mechanism whereby its decisions can be challenged, including on a confidential basis. Licensing Procedures: Adjudication and Transparency. Currently, if the Departments of Defense, State, Commerce, and Energy disagree on an export license decision, the disagreement may be escalated to the Operating Commit- tee—and subsequently to the Advisory Committee on Export Policy led by BIS’s Assistant Secretary for Export Administration. The Assistant Secretary does not need to lead the dispute resolution, and this process should be revised by giving lead authority to BIS’s Under Secretary, who is better able to account for diverging views. Moreover, BIS’s authority to overrule other agency votes should be changed. Each agency should have one equal vote and, if a licensing dispute remains unre- solved, the final decision should be elevated to the National Security Advisor and the Secretaries of Defense, State, Commerce, and Energy. Additionally, to improve congressional oversight of BIS’s license adjudication process, BIS should provide specific congressional committees with data from the Automated Export System on a quarterly basis. Electronic files should contain U.S. exporter by name; product description (e.g., harmonized system code and ECCN/U. S. Munitions List designation); end user and destination country; and when a license was required, whether the license was granted or denied. BIS cur- rently denies just 1.2 percent of export licenses. These data reporting requirements can help Congress better determine whether BIS is adequately protecting national security through appropriate use of export controls or whether additional direction from Congress is required. Improve End-Use Checks. The integrity of the export control system may be validated only through adequate end-use checks. BIS must deny export licenses to countries that do not permit adequate end-use checks (e.g., China/Russia) by U.S. authorities. BIS should also strengthen the forensic audit capabilities of its — 673 — Department of Commerce Export Enforcement officers through improved and frequent training so they are able to detect export-control violations. EAR Revisions. The U.S. Government needs a new export control moderniza- tion effort to tighten the EAR policies governing licenses to countries of concern, including China and Russia (specifically, revise and/or reverse the 2008 through 2016 policies). When authoritarian governments explain what they plan to do, believe them unless hard evidence demonstrates otherwise. Case in point: China’s and Russia’s stated civil–military fusion policies demand central government command-and-control style systems in which every private entity serves the interests of the state and is forced to provide technology, services, capacity, and data to the central govern- ment and the military. Through this structure, commercial activities are routinely weaponized by authoritarian regimes that repeatedly identify the U.S. as an enemy. Accordingly, U.S. export control policies must be updated to reflect these realities and the associated threats to national security. Key priorities for EAR modernization for countries of concern should be: l Eliminating the “specially designed” licensing loophole; l Redesignating China and Russia to more highly prohibitive export licensing groups (country groups D or E); l Eliminating license exceptions; l Broadening foreign direct product rules; l Reducing the de minimis threshold from 25 percent to 10 percent—or 0 percent for critical technologies; l Tightening the deemed export rules to prevent technology transfer to foreign nationals from countries of concern; l Tightening the definition of “fundamental research” to address exploitation of the open U.S. university system by authoritarian governments through funding, students and researchers, and recruitment; l Eliminating license exceptions for sharing technology with controlled entities/countries through standards-setting “activities” and bodies; and l Improving regulations regarding published information for technology transfers.

Showing 3 of 5 policy matches

About These Correlations

Policy matches are calculated using a hybrid approach: initial candidates are found using semantic similarity between bill summaries and Project 2025 policy text, then an AI model (Llama 3.1 70B) provides detailed alignment ratings and analysis. Ratings range from 1 (minimal alignment) to 5 (very strong alignment). This analysis does not imply direct causation or intent.

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