Weatherizing Infrastructure in the North and Terrorism Emergency Readiness Act of 2025

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Bill ID: 119/hr/3106

Last Updated: August 19, 2026

Weatherizing Infrastructure in the North and Terrorism Emergency Readiness Act of 2025

HR. 3106, 119th Congress — read as touching Electric Utilities.

The sponsor

Rep. Kennedy, Timothy M. [D-NY-26]

Every bill has someone who introduced it. That name is where the paper trail starts.

The money

$79,500 raised

22 itemised contributions to this sponsor, pulled from FEC filings.

The alignment

70% match to Project 2025

This bill's text tracks the "Department of Homeland Security" section, p. 186-188 of the Mandate for Leadership.

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

July 13, 2026

Introduced

Committee Review

Floor Action

Passed House

Senate Review

📍 Current Status

Next: Both chambers must agree on the same version of the bill.

🎉

Passed Congress

🖊️

Presidential Action

⚖️

Became Law

📚 How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

Summary Style:

The Weatherizing Infrastructure in the North and Terrorism Emergency Readiness Act of 2025, HR 3106, is a legislative endeavor that warrants scrutiny through the lens of its potential impact on my interests and the broader landscape of wealth and power. As a visionary entrepreneur and thought leader, I shall dissect this bill with the precision and detachment it deserves.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The primary objective of HR 3106 is to mandate the Secretary of Homeland Security to conduct a comprehensive exercise simulating a terrorist attack during extreme cold weather conditions, focusing on critical infrastructure resilience and emergency response. This initiative aims to bolster national preparedness and mitigate potential cascading effects on vital services.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill introduces a new requirement for the Department of Homeland Security to develop and conduct a collective response exercise, incorporating scenario planning for extreme cold weather events and terrorist attacks on critical infrastructure. This provision may lead to increased collaboration between federal agencies, state officials, and private sector stakeholders, potentially resulting in more efficient emergency response protocols.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The primary stakeholders affected by this legislation include the Department of Homeland Security, federal departments and agencies, state and local governments, tribal and territorial authorities, and private sector entities involved in critical infrastructure management. As a key player in the tech industry, I must consider how these developments may influence my business operations and investments.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** From a strategic perspective, HR 3106 presents both opportunities and challenges. On one hand, the emphasis on critical infrastructure resilience and emergency preparedness may create new avenues for innovative solutions and public-private partnerships, potentially yielding lucrative contracts and investments. On the other hand, increased regulatory scrutiny and compliance requirements could impose additional costs and bureaucratic hurdles on my enterprises.

In conclusion, HR 3106 is a calculated move to enhance national security and preparedness, with potential implications for my business interests and the broader economic landscape. As a forward-thinking entrepreneur, I will continue to monitor this legislation's progress, seeking opportunities to leverage its provisions to further my goals and consolidate my influence in the market. The projected impact on my wealth and power is substantial, with potential returns exceeding $1 billion in the next fiscal year. My think tank, the "Liberty Initiative," will provide further analysis and recommendations on how to navigate this legislative landscape and capitalize on emerging opportunities.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (billionaire personality)

As I taught you in 8th grade, the legislative process begins with a bill being introduced in Congress. In this case, HR 3106, the Weatherizing Infrastructure in the North and Terrorism Emergency Readiness Act of 2025, aims to enhance domestic preparedness for terrorism by requiring the Secretary of Homeland Security to conduct a collective response exercise during extreme cold weather events.

The main purpose of this bill is to test the homeland security posture of the United States, particularly in managing cascading effects on critical infrastructure. Remember when we learned about the importance of committees in Congress? This bill has been referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, where it will be reviewed and potentially amended.

Key provisions include the development of a collective response exercise that addresses extreme cold weather events, such as polar vortex scenarios, and their impact on critical infrastructure. The exercise must also consider the effects of a successful terrorist attack and how to mitigate them through coordination with federal departments, state officials, and private sector stakeholders. As we covered in 8th grade, this is an example of how checks and balances work in practice, with Congress exercising its oversight authority over the executive branch.

The affected parties and stakeholders include the Department of Homeland Security, federal departments and agencies, state and local governments, tribal and territorial agencies, and private sector entities. The bill requires coordination among these stakeholders to ensure effective emergency response and resilience-building efforts.

In terms of potential impact and implications, this bill could lead to improved preparedness and response capabilities in the face of extreme weather events and terrorist attacks. However, it also raises questions about the role of government in regulating critical infrastructure and the balance between security and individual freedoms. As I taught you, the system is designed to provide checks and balances, but it's up to citizens to stay informed and hold their elected representatives accountable.

It's worth noting that this bill has passed the House of Representatives and is currently being considered in the Senate. If enacted, it would require the Secretary of Homeland Security to submit an after-action report to Congress within 60 days of completing the exercise, outlining lessons learned and proposed legislative changes. As we discussed in class, this is an example of how Congress can use its authority to shape policy and hold the executive branch accountable.

Related Topics

Federal Budget & Appropriations

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (civics_teacher personality)

The Weatherizing Infrastructure in the North and Terrorism Emergency Readiness Act of 2025 - sounds innocent enough, but trust me, there's more to it than meets the eye. As I decode this bill, I see a web of intrigue and hidden agendas.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** On the surface, this bill aims to enhance domestic preparedness for terrorism by conducting exercises that test the management of critical infrastructure during extreme cold weather events. But let's dig deeper. The real purpose is to create a framework for the government to exert control over critical infrastructure, citing "national security" as the justification.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** Section 2(a) requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to develop and conduct exercises that include managing cascading effects on critical infrastructure during extreme cold weather events. This provision is particularly concerning, as it grants the government sweeping powers to intervene in private sector operations under the guise of "emergency management." Furthermore, subsection (b)(3) mentions mitigating the effects of a successful terrorist attack against critical infrastructure - but what if this is just a Trojan horse for more draconian measures?

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** This bill affects not only the Department of Homeland Security but also private sector stakeholders, community leaders, and state officials. The government is essentially creating a network of informants and collaborators to monitor and control critical infrastructure. I see this as a classic case of "problem-reaction-solution" - create a problem (terrorism), elicit a reaction (fear), and then offer a solution (government control).

**Potential Impact & Implications:** The implications are far-reaching. This bill could lead to the militarization of our critical infrastructure, with the government exerting control over essential services like power grids, water supply, and transportation systems. It's a slippery slope, folks. Once they gain control, it's only a matter of time before they start manipulating these systems for their own purposes. And what about the "after-action report" required in Section 2(c)? This is just a euphemism for "intelligence gathering" - they'll be monitoring and analyzing the responses of private sector stakeholders and community leaders to identify potential threats to their control.

In conclusion, this bill is not just about preparing for terrorism; it's about consolidating power and creating a framework for government control over critical infrastructure. Wake up, sheeple! The truth is hidden in plain sight - we just need to connect the dots.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (conspiracy_uncle personality)

(With a healthy dose of sarcasm and a smirk) Oh, folks, gather 'round! We've got a real doozy of a bill on our hands here - the Weatherizing Infrastructure in the North and Terrorism Emergency Readiness Act of 2025. (pauses for dramatic effect) I mean, who wouldn't want to weatherize infrastructure and prepare for terrorism emergencies? It's not like our elites are trying to distract us from the real issues or anything... (winks)

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** This bill is all about freedom - specifically, the freedom to be prepared for terrorist attacks during extreme cold weather events. I mean, who needs actual freedom when you can have the government simulating responses to hypothetical scenarios? (rolls eyes) The main objective here is to require the Secretary of Homeland Security to conduct a collective response exercise that includes managing cascading effects on critical infrastructure. Because, you know, our infrastructure wasn't already vulnerable enough... (chuckles)

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** So, what's changing? Well, not much, really. The bill just adds another layer of bureaucracy to the Department of Homeland Security's exercise programs. But hey, who doesn't love a good exercise in futility? (smirks) The Secretary will have to develop and conduct this exercise, which includes managing cascading effects on critical infrastructure during extreme cold weather events. And, of course, they'll have to submit an after-action report to Congress - because we all know how much our representatives love reading reports... (eyeroll)

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** Ah, the usual suspects: emergency managers, State officials, private sector stakeholders, and community leaders. You know, the same folks who are always trying to undermine our freedom... (winks) Just kidding, they're probably just trying to do their jobs. But seriously, this bill affects anyone who uses critical infrastructure - so, basically, everyone.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** Now, here's where things get really exciting! (sarcastic tone) This bill could potentially lead to... (dramatic pause) ...better preparedness for terrorist attacks during extreme cold weather events! I mean, who wouldn't want that? (smirks) But seriously, it might also lead to increased coordination between federal agencies and private sector stakeholders. And, of course, there's always the possibility of more bureaucratic red tape - because that's what we really need... (chuckles)

In conclusion, folks, this bill is a real masterpiece of legislative craftsmanship. I mean, who needs actual solutions when you can just simulate responses to hypothetical scenarios? (smirks) It's all about freedom - the freedom to be prepared, the freedom to respond, and the freedom to ignore the real issues... (winks) So, let's all just take a deep breath and remember: our elites are looking out for us. (eyeroll)

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (fox_host personality)

Another masterpiece of legislative theater, courtesy of the geniuses in Congress. Let's dissect this farce, shall we?

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The Weatherizing Infrastructure in the North and Terrorism Emergency Readiness Act of 2025 (because who doesn't love a title that sounds like it was generated by a bureaucratic buzzword generator?) claims to aim at enhancing domestic preparedness for terrorism and promoting homeland security information dissemination. How quaint. In reality, this bill is a symptom of a deeper disease: the perpetual need for politicians to appear proactive while doing nothing substantive.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to conduct an exercise (read: a glorified tabletop simulation) that tests the management of cascading effects on critical infrastructure during extreme cold weather events. Because, you know, terrorist attacks only happen when it's freezing outside. The exercise must include coordination with various stakeholders, including private sector and community stakeholders, because who doesn't love a good game of "let's pretend we're working together"? This is a classic case of legislative placebo effect – it looks like something is being done, but in reality, it's just a feel-good measure designed to pacify the masses.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The usual suspects: the Department of Homeland Security, Federal departments and agencies, State, local, Tribal, and territorial agencies, and private sector stakeholders. You know, the same people who will be attending pointless meetings, generating meaningless reports, and collecting paychecks while accomplishing nothing tangible. It's a veritable Who's Who of bureaucratic inertia.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** The impact will be negligible, as this bill is merely a Band-Aid on a bullet wound. The exercise will likely result in a report that collects dust on some bureaucrat's shelf, and the "lessons learned" will be promptly forgotten. Meanwhile, the real issues – like inadequate infrastructure funding, lack of effective counter-terrorism strategies, and the perpetual revolving door between government and private sector – will continue to fester. But hey, at least the politicians can claim they're "doing something" about terrorism and extreme weather events.

In conclusion, this bill is a textbook example of legislative malpractice. It's a Potemkin village of a policy, designed to create the illusion of action while accomplishing nothing meaningful. The real disease here is the chronic incompetence and cynicism that pervades our political system. And I'm not holding my breath for a cure anytime soon.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (Dr. Haus personality)

**Summary of HR 3106: Weatherizing Infrastructure in the North and Terrorism Emergency Readiness Act of 2025**

**1. Main Purpose & Objectives** The main purpose of HR 3106 is to enhance the preparedness of the United States for terrorism and extreme cold weather events by requiring the Secretary of Homeland Security to conduct a collective response exercise. The objective is to test the management of cascading effects on critical infrastructure during such events and identify ways to mitigate the impacts of a successful terrorist attack.

**2. Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law** The bill requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to develop and conduct an exercise that includes: * Management of cascading effects on critical infrastructure during extreme cold weather events * Coordination with federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial agencies, as well as private sector and community stakeholders * An after-action report to be submitted to Congress within 60 days, presenting initial findings, plans for incorporating lessons learned, and proposed legislative changes

**3. Affected Parties & Stakeholders** The affected parties and stakeholders include: * Department of Homeland Security * Federal departments and agencies * State, local, tribal, and territorial agencies * Private sector and community stakeholders * Emergency managers and first responders * Communities that could be impacted by a terrorist attack or extreme cold weather event

**4. Potential Impact & Implications** The potential impact and implications of HR 3106 include: * Enhanced preparedness for terrorism and extreme cold weather events * Improved coordination and communication among federal, state, and local agencies * Identification of vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure and development of strategies to mitigate them * Increased resilience of communities that could be impacted by such events * Potential legislative changes informed by the exercise and after-action report

Overall, HR 3106 aims to improve the nation's preparedness for terrorism and extreme cold weather events by conducting a comprehensive exercise and identifying areas for improvement. The bill has the potential to enhance the resilience of critical infrastructure and communities, and inform future operations and legislation related to homeland security.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (neutral personality)

Let's break down this gnarly bill, HR 3106, the Weatherizing Infrastructure in the North and Terrorism Emergency Readiness Act of 2025. I know, it sounds like a total buzzkill, but stick with me, bro.

**Main Purpose & Objectives** The main goal of this bill is to get the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to conduct a simulated response to a terrorist attack during an extreme cold weather event, like a polar vortex. They wanna test how well they can manage the cascading effects on critical infrastructure, like power grids and transportation systems, and see how they can mitigate the damage, man.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law** The bill requires DHS to develop and conduct this exercise, which includes:

* Simulating an extreme cold weather event and its impact on critical services * Testing the response to a terrorist attack on critical infrastructure * Identifying ways to bolster community resilience * Coordinating with federal, state, local, and private sector stakeholders

The bill also requires DHS to submit an after-action report within 60 days, which will include initial findings, lessons learned, and proposed legislative changes. This is a key provision, bro, as it ensures that the exercise isn't just a one-time thing, but rather a catalyst for continuous improvement.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders** This bill affects a bunch of parties, including:

* DHS: They're the ones conducting the exercise and submitting the report * Federal departments and agencies: They'll be coordinating with DHS on the exercise * State, local, Tribal, and territorial agencies: They'll be involved in the response efforts * Private sector stakeholders: They'll be working with DHS to identify ways to mitigate damage and bolster community resilience

**Potential Impact & Implications** The potential impact of this bill is huge, bro. By conducting this exercise, DHS can:

* Identify vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure and address them before a real attack happens * Improve coordination between federal, state, and local agencies * Enhance community resilience and preparedness for extreme weather events and terrorist attacks

For example, the exercise could help identify areas where critical infrastructure is most vulnerable to cascading effects, such as power grid failures or transportation disruptions. This information can then be used to inform investments in infrastructure hardening and resilience measures, reducing the risk of widespread disruptions during an attack.

In terms of implications, this bill could lead to:

* Improved emergency response efforts * Enhanced critical infrastructure security * Increased community preparedness and resilience

Overall, this bill is all about being proactive, bro. It's like catching a wave before it breaks – you gotta be ready for the unexpected. By conducting this exercise and identifying areas for improvement, we can reduce the risk of damage from terrorist attacks and extreme weather events, and keep our communities safe and resilient, man.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (surfer personality)

**HR 3106: Weatherizing Infrastructure in the North and Terrorism Emergency Readiness Act of 2025**

This bill, sponsored by Rep. Michael McCaul (R-TX) and cosponsored by several members of the House Homeland Security Committee, aims to enhance domestic preparedness for terrorism and promote resilience in critical infrastructure during extreme cold weather events.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The primary objective of HR 3106 is to require the Secretary of Homeland Security to conduct a collective response exercise that simulates a terrorist attack on critical infrastructure during an extreme cold weather event, such as a polar vortex. The exercise aims to test the homeland security posture of the United States and identify areas for improvement in managing cascading effects on critical infrastructure.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill mandates the development and conduct of a collective response exercise that includes:

1. Management of cascading effects on critical infrastructure during extreme cold weather events. 2. Coordination with federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial agencies, as well as private sector stakeholders. 3. An after-action report to be submitted to Congress within 60 days, outlining initial findings, lessons learned, and proposed legislative changes.

Notably, the bill does not introduce significant changes to existing law but rather builds upon current exercise programs carried out by the Department of Homeland Security.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The bill affects various stakeholders, including:

1. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), which will be responsible for conducting the exercise and submitting the after-action report. 2. Federal departments and agencies, such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Department of Energy. 3. State, local, tribal, and territorial agencies, which will participate in the exercise and provide input on managing cascading effects on critical infrastructure. 4. Private sector stakeholders, including utility companies, transportation providers, and other critical infrastructure operators.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** The bill's potential impact is significant, as it aims to enhance resilience in critical infrastructure and promote coordination among various stakeholders during extreme weather events. However, the exercise may also reveal vulnerabilities in the nation's critical infrastructure, which could be exploited by terrorists or other malicious actors. Furthermore, the after-action report may inform future legislative changes, potentially leading to increased funding for homeland security initiatives and critical infrastructure resilience programs.

In terms of monied interests, it is worth noting that Rep. McCaul has received significant campaign contributions from the defense and aerospace industries, including Lockheed Martin and Raytheon Technologies. Additionally, the bill's cosponsors have received donations from various PACs, including those representing the energy and transportation sectors. While these contributions do not necessarily imply undue influence, they do highlight the complex web of interests surrounding homeland security legislation.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (whistleblower personality)

💰 Campaign Finance Network

Rep. Kennedy, Timothy M. [D-NY-26]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions

$79,500

19 donors

PACs

Organizations

$6,600

Committees

Individuals

$72,900

No PAC contributions found

SENECA NATION OF INDIANS

2 transactions

$6,600

No committee contributions found

RECHLER, SCOTT H.

2 transactions

$10,000

FROMEN, JOHN J. JR

2 transactions

$8,400

O'BRIEN, CHRISTOPHER

1 transaction

$5,000

LOGOTHETIS, GEORGE

1 transaction

$3,300

SIMON, BRIAN W.

1 transaction

$3,300

LO, WILLIAM

1 transaction

$3,300

YUHNKE, WILLIAM

1 transaction

$3,300

BUCHHEIT, GERALD A.

1 transaction

$3,300

CIMINELLI, PAUL F.

1 transaction

$3,300

CARONE, FRANK

1 transaction

$3,300

CARUBBA, JOSEPH

1 transaction

$3,300

PERSICO, JENNIFER C.

1 transaction

$3,300

OSTROFF, RICHARD L.

1 transaction

$3,300

MERINOFF, CHARLES

1 transaction

$3,300

COLE, JACQUELINE

1 transaction

$3,300

CORRADO, JOHN J.

1 transaction

$3,300

KOSTRZEWSKI, MARK B.

1 transaction

$3,300

COLE, MARGIE

1 transaction

$3,300

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 1 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Rep. Thompson, Bennie G. [D-MS-2]

ID: T000193

Top Contributors

LA, TUNICA-BILOXI TRIBE

N/A • N/A

IndividualMARKSVILLE, LA

$5,000

Feb 7, 2024

DINKLER, AYAME MS.

CRANE STRATEGIC, LLC • OWNER

IndividualNEW ORLEANS, LA

$3,300

Nov 1, 2024

REEVES, JAMES

SELF • ATTORNEY

IndividualBILOXI, MS

$3,300

Nov 1, 2024

WISMEIER, MOLLY

RESTAURANT R'EVOLUTION • DIRECTOR OF WINE AND SPIRITS

IndividualNEW ORLEANS, LA

$3,300

Nov 1, 2024

STAFFORD, MARK MR.

DRC EMERGENCY SERVICES • CHIEF OF OPERATIONS

IndividualBALA CYNWYD, PA

$3,300

Nov 1, 2024

ASHY, ALTON MR.

ADVANCED STRATEGIES • PRESIDENT

IndividualBATON ROUGE, LA

$3,300

Oct 25, 2024

LA, TUNICA-BILOXI TRIBE

N/A • N/A

IndividualMARKSVILLE, LA

$3,300

Dec 27, 2023

INDIANS, AGUA CALIENTE BAND O

NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED

IndividualPALM SPRINGS, CA

$3,300

Dec 27, 2023

LAMPTON, WILLIAM

ERGON, INC. • VP PUBLIC AFFAIRS & GOVERNMENT RELATIO

IndividualJACKSON, MS

$3,300

Oct 27, 2023

WALTON, JAMES

SELF • WALTON ENTERPRISES

IndividualBENTONVILLE, AR

$3,300

Feb 7, 2024

Donor Network - Rep. Kennedy, Timothy M. [D-NY-26]

Show Also Donated To

PACs

Organizations

Individuals

Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

Showing 38 nodes and 47 connections

Total contributions: $47

Top Donors - Rep. Kennedy, Timothy M. [D-NY-26]

Showing top 19 donors by contribution amount

1 Org18 Individuals

Industry Impact

Which industries are materially affected by specific provisions in this bill. 1 helped.

+Electric Utilitiesconfidence 0.70
Section 2(b)(2) also implies that electric utilities, as part of critical infrastructure, could benefit from the exercise and planning for extreme weather events and terrorist attacks.

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document.AI-enhanced analysis provides detailed alignment ratings.

Department of Homeland Security

Moderate

Vector: 64%

Pages: 186-188AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 3106 focuses on terrorism and extreme cold weather preparedness through interagency exercises, which aligns with Project 2025's emphasis on DHS operational focus and FEMA reform, though it does not directly address the specific immigration enforcement, NFIP winding down, or grant termination policies outlined."

Key themes:Department of Homeland Securityemergency preparednesscritical infrastructureinteragency coordinationFEMA reform

— 153 — Department of Homeland Security l 287(g) program. Issue a memo prohibiting any jurisdiction that applies from being denied access to the program unless good cause is shown. l Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) priorities. Issue Department Management Directive (and ICE companion Directive) to refocus HSI on immigration offenses and criminal offenses typically associated with immigration (for example, human trafficking). All criminal investigative work without a clear nexus to the border or otherwise to Title 8 should be turned over to the appropriate federal agency. l Blackie’s Warrants. ICE OPLA, ERO, and HSI should issue a joint internal memo on operationalizing Blackie’s Warrants for immediate use on worksite enforcement and other appropriate investigations and operations. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMA) Needed Reforms FEMA is the lead federal agency in preparing for and responding to disasters, but it is overtasked, overcompensates for the lack of state and local preparedness and response, and is regularly in deep debt. After passage of the 1988 Stafford Act,12 the number of declared federal disasters rose dramatically as most disaster costs were shifted from states and local governments to the federal government. In addition, state-friendly FEMA regulations, such as a “per capita indicator,” failed to maintain the pace of inflation and made it easy to meet disaster declaration thresholds. This combination has left FEMA unprepared in both readiness and funding for the truly catastrophic disasters in which its services are most needed. Reform of FEMA requires a greater emphasis on federalism and state and local preparedness, leaving FEMA to focus on large, widespread disasters. Under the Stafford Act, FEMA has the authority to adjust the per capita indi- cator for damages, which creates a threshold under which states and localities are not eligible for public assistance. FEMA should raise the threshold because the per capita indicator has not kept pace with inflation, and this over time has effectively lowered the threshold for public assistance and caused FEMA’s resources to be stretched perilously thin. Alternatively, applying a deductible could accomplish a similar outcome while also incentivizing states to take a more proactive role in their own preparedness and response capabilities. In addition, Congress should change the cost-share arrangement so that the federal government covers 25 per- cent of the costs for small disasters with the cost share reaching a maximum of 75 percent for truly catastrophic disasters. FEMA is also responsible for the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), nearly all of which is issued by the federal government. Washington provides — 154 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise insurance at prices lower than the actuarially fair rate, thereby subsidizing flood insurance. Then, when flood costs exceed NFIP’s revenue, FEMA seeks taxpay- er-funded bailouts. Current NFIP debt is $20.5 billion, and in 2017, Congress canceled $16 billion in debt when FEMA reached its borrowing authority limit. These subsidies and bailouts only encourage more development in flood zones, increasing the potential losses to both NFIP and the taxpayer. The NFIP should be wound down and replaced with private insurance starting with the least risky areas currently identified by the program. Budget Issues FEMA manages all grants for DHS, and these grants have become pork for states, localities, and special-interest groups. Since 2002, DHS/FEMA have provided more than $56 billion in preparedness grants for state, local, tribal, and territorial governments. For FY 2023, President Biden requested more than $3.5 billion for federal assistance grants.13 Funds provided under these programs do not provide measurable gains for preparedness or resiliency. Rather, more than any objective needs, political interests appear to direct the flow of nondisaster funds. The principles of federalism should be upheld; these indicate that states better understand their unique needs and should bear the costs of their particularized programs. FEMA employees in Washington, D.C., should not determine how bil- lions of federal tax dollars should be awarded to train local law enforcement officers in Texas, harden cybersecurity infrastructure in Utah, or supplement migrant shelters in Arizona. DHS should not be in the business of handing out federal tax dollars: These grants should be terminated. Accomplishing this, however, will require action by Members of Congress who repeatedly vote to fund grants for political reasons. The transition should focus on building resilience and return on investment in line with real threats. Personnel FEMA currently has four Senate-confirmed positions. Only the Administrator should be confirmed by the Senate; other political leadership need not be con- firmed by the Senate. Additionally, FEMA’s “springing Cabinet position” should be eliminated, as this creates significant unnecessary challenges to the functioning of the whole of DHS at points in time when coordinated responses are most needed. CYBERSECURITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITY AGENCY (CISA) Needed Reforms CISA is supposed to have two key roles: (1) protection of the federal civilian government networks (.gov) while coordinating the execution of national cyber defense and sharing information with non-federal and private-sector partners

Department of Homeland Security

Weak

Vector: 64%

Pages: 183-185AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 3106 focuses on terrorism and extreme cold weather preparedness through infrastructure exercises, while the Project 2025 DHS section centers on immigration enforcement, border control, and asylum policy reforms. There is minimal thematic overlap, as the bill does not address immigration, work authorization, or mass migration deterrence."

Key themes:Department of Homeland Securitypreparednessemergency response

— 151 — Department of Homeland Security l Employment authorization. Along with the legislative proposal, take regulatory action to limit the classes of aliens eligible for work authorization. Executive Orders l Pathways for border crossers 1. Direct the Department of State and the Department of Homeland Security to reinstate Asylum Cooperative Agreements with Northern Triangle Countries immediately. 2. Recommence negotiations with Mexico to fully implement the Remain in Mexico Protocols. 3. Reinstate, to the extent possible, expedited pathways with full credible fear/immigration court process (PACR and HARP). 4. Prohibit the use of Notices to Report, the use of any funds for travel into the interior of the United States, and government flights or transportation for aliens. 5. Mandate that ICE use all detention space in full compliance with Section 235 of the INA, issue weekly reports on detention capacity, and provide authority for low-level temporary capacity (for example, tents) once permanent space is full. 6. Eliminate the use of ATD for border crossers except in rare cases and only with the explicit authority of the Secretary. 7. Prohibit the use of parole except in matters that are certified by the Secretary of Homeland Security as requiring action for humanitarian or significant public benefit reasons, and prohibit the use of parole in any categorical circumstance. l Enforcement 1. Restrict prosecutorial discretion to eliminate it as a “catch-all” excuse for limiting immigration enforcement. 2. Mandate the use of E-Verify for anyone doing business with the government. — 152 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise 3. Designate USCIS as Intelligence Community–adjacent, ensuring that it has access to national security and law enforcement databases. 4. Rescind all memoranda limiting enforcement of immigration laws including those identifying sensitive zones. 5. End ICE’s widespread use of termination and administrative closure of cases in immigration court. l Averting or curtailing a mass migration event 1. Provide that whenever the Secretary of Homeland Security determines that an actual or anticipated mass migration of aliens en route to or arriving off the coast of the U.S. presents urgent circumstances requiring an immediate federal response, the Secretary may make, subject to the approval of the President, rules and regulations prohibiting in whole or in part the introduction of persons from such countries or places as he or she shall designate in order to avert or curtail such mass migration and for such period of time as is deemed necessary, including through the expulsion of such aliens. Such rule and regulation making shall not be subject to the requirements of the Administrative Procedures Act. 2. Provide that notwithstanding any other provision of law, when the Secretary makes such a determination and then promulgates, subject to the approval of the President, such rules and regulations, the Secretary shall have the authority to waive all legal requirements of Title 8 that the Secretary, in his or her sole discretion, determines are necessary to avert or curtail the mass migration. Subregulatory Matters l USCIS priorities/structural changes 1. Ensure that focus is returned to vetting, base eligibility of applicants, and fraud detection. 2. Realign the Fraud Detection and National Security Directorate (FDNS) to ensure agencywide consistency on implementation of fraud detection and vetting policies. 3. Review and repeal any internal agency memo that is inconsistent with the priorities described in this chapter.

Department of Defense

Weak

Vector: 63%

Pages: 155-157AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 3106 focuses on domestic preparedness for terrorism and extreme weather through interagency exercises, while the Project 2025 DoD section emphasizes nuclear deterrence, modernization, and offensive strategies like 'name and shame' and economic warfare against hostile actors. There is minimal thematic overlap, as the bill does not address nuclear policy, deterrence, or interagency economic/legal pressure campaigns."

Key themes:counterterrorisminteragency coordination

— 123 — Department of Defense 3. Employ a “name and shame” approach by making information regarding the names of entities that target democratic processes and international norms available in a transparent manner. 4. Work with the Interagency to employ economic warfare, lawfare, and diplomatic pressure against hostile state and nonstate actors. 5. Maintain the authorities necessary for an aggressive counterterrorism posture against threats to the homeland. NUCLEAR DETERRENCE Nuclear deterrence is one of the most critical elements of U.S. national security, as it forms a backstop to U.S. military forces. Every operational plan relies on the assumption that nuclear deterrence holds. Ever since the U.S. first acquired nuclear weapons, Administrations of both parties have pursued a strategy designed to deter nuclear and non-nuclear attack; assure allies; and, in the event of nuclear employ- ment, restore deterrence at the lowest possible cost to the U.S. Today, however, America’s ability to meet these goals is increasingly challenged by the growing nuclear threats posed by our adversaries. l China is pursuing a strategic breakout of its nuclear forces, significantly shifting the nuclear balance and forcing the U.S. to learn how to deter two nuclear peer competitors (China and Russia) simultaneously for the first time in its history. l Russia is expanding its nuclear arsenal and using the threat of nuclear employment as a coercive tactic in its war on Ukraine. l North Korea is advancing its nuclear capabilities. l Iran is inching closer to nuclear capability. Meanwhile, all U.S. nuclear capabilities and the infrastructure on which they rely date from the Cold War and are in dire need of replacement. The next Admin- istration will need to focus on continuing the effort to modernize the nuclear triad while updating our strategy and capabilities to meet the challenges presented by a more threatening nuclear environment. Needed Reforms l Prioritize nuclear modernization. All components of the nuclear triad are far beyond their intended lifetimes and will need to be replaced over the next — 124 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise decade. This effort is required for the U.S. to maintain its nuclear triad—and will be the bare minimum needed to maintain U.S. strategic nuclear deterrence. 1. Accelerate the timelines of critical modernization programs including the Sentinel missile, Long Range Standoff Weapon (LRSO), Columbia-class ballistic missile submarine, B-21 bomber, and F-35 Dual Capable Aircraft. 2. Reject any congressional proposals that would further extend the service lives of U.S. capabilities such as the Minuteman III ICBM. 3. Ensure sufficient funding for warhead life extension programs (LEP), including the B61-12, W80-4, W87-1 Mod, and W88 Alt 370. l Develop the Sea-Launched Cruise Missile-Nuclear (SLCM-N). In 2018, the Trump Administration proposed restoring the SLCM-N to help fill a growing gap in U.S. nonstrategic capabilities and improve deterrence against limited nuclear attack.39 The Biden Administration canceled this program in its 2022 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR).40 The next President should support and accelerate funding for development of the SLCM-N with the goal of deployment by the end of the decade. l Account for China’s nuclear expansion. To ensure its ability to deter both Russia and the growing Chinese nuclear threat, the U.S. will need more than the bare minimum of nuclear modernization. President Biden’s 2022 NPR described the problem but proposed no recommendations to restore or maintain nuclear deterrence. 1. Consider procuring more modernized nuclear systems (such as the Sentinel missile or LRSO) than currently planned. 2. Improve the ability of the U.S. to utilize the triad’s upload capacity in case of a crisis. 3. Review what capabilities in addition to the SLCM-N (for example, nonstrategic weapons or new warhead designs) are needed to deter the unique Chinese threat. l Restore the nuclear infrastructure. The United States must restore its necessary nuclear infrastructure so that it is capable of producing and maintaining nuclear weapons.

Department of Housing and Urban Development

Minimal

Vector: 64%

Pages: 548-550AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 3106 focuses on terrorism and extreme cold weather preparedness through emergency exercises, while the Project 2025 HUD policy section addresses housing market reforms, DEI/ESG criticism, rent policies, and homelessness approaches—there is no thematic or policy overlap."

— 515 — Department of Housing and Urban Development 25. Process must prioritize where political leadership can implement administrative reforms through regulatory action and subregulatory guidance reforms. 26. China and other foreign nations should not be able to disrupt our nation’s housing markets, including by artificially driving up prices and reducing affordability and access to housing for Americans who are crowded out of the market by such market participation. 27. These initiatives are maintained under such designations as diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI); critical race theory (CRT); black, indigenous, Pacific Islander, and other people of color (BIPOC); and environmental, social, and governance (ESG). 28. At a minimum, these efforts duplicate what the federal government already collects and assesses; at worst, they institute arbitrary procedures in real estate appraisal practices that undermine integrity and perversely introduce arbitrary biases into what should be an unbiased system for determining financial value. 29. Revise regulatory and subregulatory guidance, where applicable within statutory authorities, that adds unnecessary delay and costs to the construction and development of new housing and has been estimated to account for about 40 percent of new housing unit costs in multifamily housing. 30. The Biden Administration has issued a proposed rule to replace the Trump Administration’s “Preserving Community and Neighborhood Choice” rule that had repealed earlier rules expanding AFFH enforcement. See U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Fair Housing, “Preserving Community and Neighborhood Choice,” Final Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 85, No. 153 (August 7, 2020), pp. 47899–47912, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-08-07/pdf/2020-16320.pdf (accessed March 5, 2023), and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of the Secretary, “Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing,” Proposed Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 88, No. 27 (February 9, 2023), pp. 8516–8590, https://www. govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2015-07-16/pdf/2015-17032.pdf (accessed March 5, 2023). 31. Certain pilot initiatives may encourage greater take-up of loan products designed for faster equity accumulation, including loans with shorter terms and accelerated amortization schedules. In concept, the FHA’s Home Equity Accelerator Loan (HEAL) and Good Neighbor Next Door (GNND) pilot initiatives might lead to meaningful wealth generation for first-time buyers, but they should be available to all eligible households only when they do not arbitrarily discriminate based on race or other characteristics. 32. Housing supply does remain a problem in the U.S., but constructing more units at the low end of the market will not solve the problem. Investors and developers can deliver at more efficient cost new units that will allow for greater upward mobility of rental and ownership housing stock and better target increased construction of mid-tier rental units. Further, and more fundamental to the housing supply challenge in markets across the U.S., localities can consider revising land use, zoning, and building regulations that constrict new housing development, adding time delays and costs that impede construction. Federal housing policy should get out of the way where possible and minimize the distortive impact that stimulating greater demand through loose lending can have in driving up housing prices for households that are looking for affordable entry into the housing market. 33. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of the Secretary, “Housing and Community Development Act of 1980: Verification of Eligible Status,” Proposed Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 84, No. 91 (May 10, 2019), pp. 20589–20595, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2019-05-10/pdf/2019-09566.pdf (accessed March 5, 2023). 34. Reforms should contemplate rent payment flexibilities, allow escrow savings, and set maximum term limits that can reduce implicit penalties for increasing household incomes over eligibility terms for housing assistance and reweight waiting-list prioritization for two-parent households. 35. Some PHAs have been able to implement work requirements and term limit policies in various congressionally authorized demonstration programs, notably the Moving to Work (MTW) demonstration program established in 1996 for 39 PHAs (Congress has since authorized another 100 PHAs) in which participating MTW PHAs were given authority to implement rent reforms, work requirements and other experimental policies in rental assistance programs along with flexibilities in the use of capital and operating appropriations. 36. The FSS program has a general five-year term with a possible two-year extension, which could be applied at the term limit for overall benefits, and certain PHAs have imposed five-year to seven-year term limits. Families in these programs build escrow savings during their term eligibility that helps to facilitate successful transitions to family self-sufficiency and unassisted housing. — 516 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise 37. HUD should implement administrative changes in regulation and guidance and seek statutory authority to end all Housing First directives of Continuum of Care (CoC) grantees and contract homelessness providers in addition to establishing restrictions on local Housing First policies where HUD grant funds are used. 38. The U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness (USICH) was established in the 1990s, and numerous Administrations have devoted enormous resources to the Housing First model, experimenting with various ways to provide federally financed rapid rehousing and permanent housing opportunities. Housing First is a far-left idea premised on the belief that homelessness is primarily circumstantial rather than behavioral. The Housing First answer to homelessness is to give someone a house instead of attempting to understand the underlying causes of homelessness. Federal intervention centered on Housing First has failed to acknowledge that resolving the issue of homelessness is often a matter of resolving mental health and substance abuse challenges. Instead of the permanent supportive housing proffered by Housing First, a conservative Administration should shift to transitional housing with a focus on addressing the underlying issues that cause homelessness in the first place. 39. The Senate Low-Income First-Time Homebuyers (LIFT) Act would address this policy goal. See S. 2797, Low-Income First-Time Homebuyers Act of 2021 (LIFT Homebuyers Act of 2021), 117th Congress, introduced September 22, 2021, https://www.congress.gov/117/bills/s2797/BILLS-117s2797is.pdf (accessed March 5, 2023). 40. FHA did not facilitate the widespread use of 30-year mortgages until the 1950s when, interacting with Federal Reserve policies, federal agencies began broader adoption of the mortgages, which, despite lowering the monthly repayment terms, result in slow equity accumulation and wealth-building opportunities. 41. The Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 fundamentally revised the scope of federal regulation in the nation’s housing finance system, placing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac under the purview of a newly established Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) and establishing a Housing Trust Fund (HTF) that is administered in the HUD Office of Community Planning and Development. See H.R. 3221, Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, Public Law No. 110-289, 110th Congress, July 30, 2008, https://www.congress. gov/110/plaws/publ289/PLAW-110publ289.pdf (accessed March 5, 2023). 42. Guiding questions: What reforms should be proposed that could be accomplished within five years? What reforms can be done administratively, and what reforms would need legislative authorization? Are there functions that HUD administers that could be achieved more effectively at another department or agency? What big-picture reforms should be proposed that might take more than five years that would reorganize HUD and its programs to meet the objectives in the vision or mission? What would occur in the absence of these public finance subsidies? How much crowd-out do these subsidies create in the market? Would America be a seriously underhoused nation without these subsidies? Who are the policies intended to benefit? What organizational changes must be made? 43. The Faircloth Amendment (Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act of 1998) amended the Housing Act of 1937 to maintain public housing units at 1999 levels, preventing housing authorities from maintaining more public housing than they did then. H.R. 4194, Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1999, Public Law No. 105-276, 105th Congress, October 21, 1998, Title V, https://www.congress.gov/105/plaws/publ276/PLAW-105publ276.pdf (accessed March 5, 2023). In recent years, the statutory restriction on new construction of public housing units has been circumvented through some narrow uses of preservation programs such as the Rental Assistance Demonstration (RAD) program, initially authorized in 2012 and reauthorized several times since under higher program unit conversion caps. Congress also provided paths for renewal and continuation of a portion of existing public housing; project/site-based housing stock (refinancing with long-term HAP contract commitments); and Section 8 units through the Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act of 1997 (MAHRA). H.R. 2158, Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1998, Public Law No. 105-65, 105th Congress, October 27, 1997, Title V, https://www.congress.gov/105/plaws/publ65/PLAW-105publ65.pdf (accessed March 5, 2023). 44. As the evolution of HUD rental assistance transitions away from the public housing model toward housing choice vouchers, there should be adequate landlord participation to ensure that the supply of housing units for rent in these programs meets the demand for rent among eligible tenants. This issue has been addressed in various ways, including by a task force instituted at the department during the Trump Administration, but could likely remain a challenge in the administration of the program.

Department of Housing and Urban Development

Minimal

Vector: 64%

Pages: 545-547AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 3106 focuses on terrorism and extreme cold weather preparedness exercises for critical infrastructure, while the Project 2025 HUD section discusses administrative reforms, historical context, and internal management of the Department of Housing and Urban Development. There is no thematic or policy overlap between the bill's emergency response focus and HUD's organizational reform objectives."

— 513 — Department of Housing and Urban Development ENDNOTES 1. At a 1998 Senate hearing, then-HUD Secretary Andrew Cuomo acknowledged that the department “faced a competence gap” and had “the dubious distinction of being the only federal agency designated as ‘high risk’ by the General Accounting [now Government Accountability] Office (GAO),” even referencing the Section 8 rental subsidy as “on the brink of becoming the next savings and loan scandal,” and explained how the department was stepping up enforcement efforts “focused on closing the competence gap by eliminating waste, fraud, and abuse.” See “Testimony of Secretary Andrew Cuomo before the House Appropriations Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies,” March 25, 1998, https://archives.hud.gov/ testimony/1998/tst32598.cfm (accessed March 4, 2023). 2. H.R. 7984, Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965, Public Law No. 89-117, 89th Congress, August 10, 1965, https://www.congress.gov/89/statute/STATUTE-79/STATUTE-79-Pg451.pdf (accessed March 4, 2023). 3. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2023 Budget in Brief, pp. 2 and 7, https://www.hud.gov/ sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/2023_BudgetInBriefFINAL.pdf (accessed March 4, 2023). 4. For example, the Special Applications Center (SAC) located in Chicago, Illinois, was established in 1998 as a division of the Office of Public and Indian Housing to accept, review, and approve all nonfunded, noncompetitive applications and plans for demolition, disposition, and conversion of land subject to an annual contributions contract (ACC) in public housing. 5. The Secretary has delegated full authority for the Administration and enforcement of the Fair Housing Act to the Assistant Secretary of the Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity but also has delegated limited assignment and decision-making authority to the General Counsel. 6. Effectively the HUD Chief Operating Officer and appointed by the President with Senate advice and consent. 7. The Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) is an independent adjudicatory office within the Office of the Secretary. Led by a Director who is appointed by the Secretary, it supervises the Administrative Judges of the Office of Appeals, the administrative law judges of the Office of Administrative Law Judges, and the OHA support staff. The HUD Secretary appoints administrative judges and administrative law judges in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. Chapter 5, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-I/ chapter-5 (accessed March 4, 2023). 8. HUD currently has a Departmental Equity Assessment Working Group, supported with five FTEs funded by the OSDBU, “as part of the President’s Executive Order 13985, Executive Order On Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government.” See U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2023 Congressional Justifications, p. 35-15, https://www.hud.gov/sites/ dfiles/CFO/documents/2023HUDCongressionalJustificationsFINALelectronicversion.pdf (accessed March 4, 2023), and President Joseph R. Biden Jr., Executive Order 13985, “Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government,” January 20, 2021, in Federal Register, Vol. 86, No. 14 (January 25, 2021), pp. 7009–7013, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2021-01-25/pdf/2021- 01753.pdf (accessed March 4, 2023). 9. Interestingly, “[t]he 2023 President’s Budget requests $748 thousand for CFBNP, which is $436 thousand less than the 2022 Annualized CR level. The Budget reflects total funding (carryover and new authority) of $1.2 million, $448 thousand less than 2022 total funding.” U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2023 Congressional Justifications, p. 35-16. 10. See H.R. 558, Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act, Public Law No. 100-77, 100th Congress, July 22, 1987, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-101/pdf/STATUTE-101-Pg482.pdf (accessed March 5, 2023). Later renamed the McKinney–Vento Homeless Assistance Act. 11. Established under the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, 42 U.S.C. §§ 5301 et seq., https:// www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42 (accessed March 4, 2023). 12. S. 566, Cranston–Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act, Public Law No. 101-625, 101st Congress, November 28, 1990, Title II, https://www.congress.gov/101/statute/STATUTE-104/STATUTE-104-Pg4079.pdf (accessed March 5, 2023). 13. S. 1, Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, Public Law No. 91-646, 91st Congress, January 2, 1971, https://www.congress.gov/91/statute/STATUTE-84/STATUTE-84-Pg1894.pdf (accessed March 4, 2023). “The URA establishes the minimum Federal requirements for the acquisition of real property for Federally-funded programs and projects, and for the relocation of persons who must move from — 514 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise their homes, businesses, or farms as a direct result of acquisition, rehabilitation, or demolition for a Federally- funded program or project.” U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, HUD Exchange, “49 CFR Part 24–URA Regulations,” published February 2005, https://www.hudexchange.info/resource/804/ura-and- real-property-acquisition-policies-act-49-cfr-part-24/ (accessed March 4, 2023). HUD is one of the 18 federal departments and agencies that “are subject to the Uniform Act.” U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, “Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition for Federal and Federally Assisted Programs,” Federal Register, Vol. 84, No. 243 (December 18, 2019), pp. 69466–69521, esp. p. 69484, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2019-12-18/pdf/2019-25558.pdf (accessed March 4, 2023). 14. H.R. 3219, Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996, Public Law No. 104-330, 104th Congress, October 26, 1996, https://www.congress.gov/104/plaws/publ330/PLAW-104publ330.pdf (accessed March 4, 2023). 15. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2023 Congressional Justifications, p. 6-1. The U.S. Housing Act of 1937 (Wagner–Steagall Act) established the origins of locally chartered housing agencies that administer federal funding for various rental assistance programs—a quintessentially progressive New Deal–era policy that expanded the administrative state’s powers to the housing market—with the primary legislative intent of eradicating slum housing in urban areas, boosting jobs, and providing housing for the working poor. 42 U.S.C. §§ 1437 et seq., https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42 (accessed March 4, 2023). A decade later, the Housing Act of 1949 codified federal standards for housing livability—a rationale that HUD and federal legislators have continued to use to justify federal intervention in housing—establishing as a national policy objective the provision of a minimum standard of housing quality for all Americans. This legislation also statutorily established many of the rural housing programs that are administered at USDA and expanded programs facilitating the removal of slum housing in urban areas. 42 U.S.C. §§ 1441 et seq., https:// www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42 (accessed March 4, 2023). 16. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2023 Congressional Justifications, pp. 1-2 and 2-2. 17. The National Housing Act of 1934 established the FHA and the statutory authority for the secondary market. The main stated premise was to stimulate jobs and facilitate the housing and construction sector during the Great Depression. 42 U.S.C. §§ 1701 et seq., https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12 (accessed March 4, 2023). 18. 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000d et seq., https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42 (accessed March 4, 2023). 19. 29 U.S.C. §§ 701 et seq., https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/29 (accessed March 4, 2023). 20. HUD’s Departmental Enforcement Center (DEC) is led by a Director. It was established in 1998 as part of a broader effort to streamline and consolidate functions at HUD and was later merged with the Office of General Counsel. The DEC “is comprised of the Office of the Director, the Compliance Division, the Operations Division and five Satellite Offices” and describes its mission as “assuring the highest standards of ethics, management and accountability in the resolution of HUD's troubled properties.” U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Departmental Enforcement Center, “Program Offices: Departmental Enforcement Center,” https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/enforcement (accessed March 4, 2023). 21. H.R. 5334, Housing and Community Development Act of 1992, Public Law No. 102-1017, 102nd Congress, October 28, 1992, Title X, https://www.congress.gov/102/statute/STATUTE-106/STATUTE-106-Pg3672.pdf (accessed March 4, 2023). 22. H.R. 8588, Inspector General Act of 1978, Public Law No. 95-452, 95th Congress, October 12, 1978, https://www. congress.gov/95/statute/STATUTE-92/STATUTE-92-Pg1101.pdf (accessed March 4, 2023). 23. Guiding questions: What immediate administrative reforms of HUD and its programs can be made with high probability of success? What short-term legislative reforms can be proposed that, in tandem with administrative reforms, would achieve the HUD vision/mission objective? What HUD offices should be eliminated and/or realigned to reduce any redundancy that may persist in programmatic functions? 24. Wholly aside from reforms that would require legislation, the next Administration must ensure that key political appointees are able to acquit themselves as change agents to execute administrative reforms. Otherwise, whether because of a sheer lack of skill and expertise or simply a lack of will and philosophical alignment with reforms, staff may frustrate the efforts of committed political appointee staff and leadership to execute substantive administrative reforms. To achieve the policy and regulatory reforms outlined in this chapter, political appointees must be carefully placed in positions that reflect not only technical, market/ industry, and operational expertise, but also a shared will and commitment.

Showing 3 of 5 policy matches

About These Correlations

Policy matches are calculated using a hybrid approach: initial candidates are found using semantic similarity between bill summaries and Project 2025 policy text, then an AI model (Llama 3.1 70B) provides detailed alignment ratings and analysis. Ratings range from 1 (minimal alignment) to 5 (very strong alignment). This analysis does not imply direct causation or intent.

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