To require the Secretary of Agriculture to carry out activities to suppress wildfires, and for other purposes.

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Bill ID: 119/hr/178
Last Updated: July 17, 2026

Sponsored by

Rep. McClintock, Tom [R-CA-5]

ID: M001177

Follow the money

The bill

To require the Secretary of Agriculture to carry out activities to suppress wildfires, and for other purposes.

HR. 178, 119th Congress — read as touching Construction & Engineering.

The sponsor

Rep. McClintock, Tom [R-CA-5]

Every bill has someone who introduced it. That name is where the paper trail starts.

The money

$80,600 raised

30 itemised contributions to this sponsor, pulled from FEC filings.

The alignment

66% match to Project 2025

This bill's text tracks the "Introduction" section, p. 566-568 of the Mandate for Leadership.

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Natural Resources. H. Rept. 119-429, Part I.

January 7, 2026

Introduced

Committee Review

📍 Current Status

Next: The bill moves to the floor for full chamber debate and voting.

🗳️

Floor Action

Passed House

🏛️

Senate Review

🎉

Passed Congress

🖊️

Presidential Action

⚖️

Became Law

📚 How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

(sigh) Oh joy, another bill that's just a Band-Aid on a bullet wound. Let me dissect this mess for you.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The main purpose of HR 178 is to pretend like Congress cares about wildfires while actually doing nothing meaningful. The objective is to create the illusion of action while lining the pockets of special interest groups and campaign donors.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** This bill requires the Secretary of Agriculture to "use all available resources" to suppress wildfires within 24 hours of detection on National Forest System lands. Wow, what a bold move. It's not like they were already supposed to be doing that. The bill also restricts the use of prescribed fires and backfires, because who needs science-based forest management when you have politicians making decisions?

The only real change is the addition of more bureaucratic red tape, ensuring that any actual progress will be hindered by layers of unnecessary approvals and paperwork.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The usual suspects: logging companies, agricultural interests, and firefighting unions. They'll all get a piece of the action, while the environment and taxpayers get left in the dust.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** This bill is a perfect example of "legislative theater." It's designed to make politicians look good without actually addressing the root causes of wildfires: climate change, drought, and poor land management. By pretending to take action, they'll avoid making any real changes that might upset their corporate donors.

In reality, this bill will likely lead to more bureaucracy, increased costs for taxpayers, and a continued lack of effective wildfire prevention and mitigation strategies. It's a classic case of "treat the symptom, not the disease." The disease being the corrupting influence of special interests on our government.

Diagnosis: This bill is suffering from a bad case of " Politician-itis" – a chronic condition characterized by an inability to make meaningful decisions due to excessive pandering to special interest groups. Prognosis: poor. Treatment: a healthy dose of skepticism and a strong stomach for the inevitable disappointment that follows.

Related Topics

Public Lands & Natural Resources
Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (Dr. Haus personality)

💰 Campaign Finance Network

Rep. McClintock, Tom [R-CA-5]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions
$80,600
20 donors
PACs
$0
Organizations
$11,450
Committees
$0
Individuals
$68,900

No PAC contributions found

1
SHINGLE SPRINGS BAND MIWOK INDIANS
2 transactions
$6,600
2
ROBERTSON & ASSOCIATES LLP
1 transaction
$3,300
3
HEESY & HELLER
3 transactions
$650
4
ERROTABERE RANCHES
1 transaction
$500
5
THE DELAPLANE LIVING TRUST
1 transaction
$250
6
THE CLEVELAND REVOCABLE LIVING TRUST
3 transactions
$150

No committee contributions found

1
FISHER, KENNETH MR.
2 transactions
$12,800
2
FISHER, SHERRILYN
1 transaction
$6,600
3
WEISZ, BYRON MR.
2 transactions
$6,600
4
DWELLE, THOMAS MR.
2 transactions
$6,600
5
UNITED AUBURN INDIAN COMM. OF, .
2 transactions
$6,600
6
EMMERSON, MARK MR.
2 transactions
$6,600
7
MUIR, ARTHUR MR.
1 transaction
$3,300
8
DEBBER, JANET
1 transaction
$3,300
9
GRIGSBY, JOHN MR.
1 transaction
$3,300
10
EGGERT, STEVEN
1 transaction
$3,300
11
SYCUAN BAND OF THE KUMEYAAY NA, .
1 transaction
$3,300
12
CASTILLO, MICHAEL
1 transaction
$3,300
13
GARCIA, GERARDO
1 transaction
$3,300

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 9 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Rep. Calvert, Ken [R-CA-41]

ID: C000059

Top Contributors

10

1
WINRED
COMARLINGTON, VA
$2,000
Nov 4, 2024
2
WINRED
COMARLINGTON, VA
$500
Oct 21, 2024
3
WINRED
COMARLINGTON, VA
$500
Nov 4, 2024
4
WINRED
COMARLINGTON, VA
$30
Nov 5, 2024
5
WINRED
COMARLINGTON, VA
$10
Oct 28, 2024
6
CHEROKEE NATION
OrganizationTAHLEQUAH, OK
$3,300
Oct 17, 2024
7
TWENTY-NINE PALMS BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationCOACHELLA, CA
$3,300
Nov 14, 2024
8
TWENTY-NINE PALMS BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationCOACHELLA, CA
$3,300
Nov 14, 2024
9
BARONA BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationLAKESIDE, CA
$3,300
Dec 28, 2024
10
SAN MANUEL BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationHIGHLAND, CA
$3,300
Dec 22, 2023

Rep. LaMalfa, Doug [R-CA-1]

ID: L000578

Top Contributors

10

1
CHEROKEE NATION
OrganizationTAHLEQUAH, OK
$3,300
Oct 31, 2024
2
AGUA CALIENTE BAND OF CAHUILLA INDIANS
OrganizationPALM SPRINGS, CA
$3,300
Sep 29, 2023
3
LEECH LAKE BAND OF OJIBWE
OrganizationCASS LAKE, MN
$2,000
Nov 4, 2024
4
VANN BROTHERS
UNINCORPORATEDPARTNERSHIP
OrganizationWILLIAMS, CA
$1,500
Jun 27, 2023
5
ONEIDA NATION
OrganizationONEIDA, WI
$1,000
Oct 31, 2024
6
SANTA ROSA RANCHERIA, .
SOVEREIGN NATIONINDIAN TRIBE
IndividualLEMORE, CA
$6,600
May 6, 2024
7
NECHAY, JULIA
N/ANOT EMPLOYED
IndividualROSEVILLE, CA
$5,000
Oct 26, 2024
8
OSAGE NATION, .
SOVEREIGN NATIONINDIAN TRIBE
IndividualPAWHUSKA, OK
$3,300
Oct 8, 2024
9
MCLAUGHLIN, RANDY
OLD DURHAM WOODORCHARD TEMOVAL
IndividualDURHAM, CA
$3,300
Oct 13, 2024
10
CHOCTAW NATION OF OKLAHOMA, .
SOVEREIGN NATIONINDIAN TRIBE
IndividualDURANT, OK
$3,300
Oct 16, 2024

Rep. Biggs, Andy [R-AZ-5]

ID: B001302

Top Contributors

10

1
TAYLOR, MARGARETTA J
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Dec 15, 2023
2
TAYLOR, MARGARETTA J
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Dec 15, 2023
3
MCCLEVE, LONNIE
SELF EMPLOYEDDEVELOPER
IndividualQUEEN CREEK, AZ
$3,300
Oct 16, 2023
4
BENSON, LEE
LEE BENSONCEO
IndividualMESA, AZ
$3,300
Oct 18, 2023
5
FAUST, ANNE R
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualNEWTOWN SQUARE, PA
$3,300
Oct 6, 2023
6
BENSON, LEE
LEE BENSONCEO
IndividualMESA, AZ
$3,300
Oct 18, 2023
7
BROPHY, DANIEL
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualJACKSON, WY
$3,300
Dec 21, 2023
8
LONDEN, PRISCILLA
LONDEN INSURANCE GROUPEXECUTIVE
IndividualPHOENIX, AZ
$3,300
Mar 7, 2023
9
ALLEN, GWYNDA S
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualSUN LAKES, AZ
$3,300
Mar 22, 2023
10
COOLEY, WILLIAM
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualWEST PALM BEACH, FL
$3,300
Mar 7, 2023

Rep. Stauber, Pete [R-MN-8]

ID: S001212

Top Contributors

10

1
DEMOCRACY ENGINE INC
PACWASHINGTON, DC
$500
Jun 6, 2023
2
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$3,300
Jun 30, 2024
3
LEECH LAKE - PAC
OrganizationCASS LAKE, MN
$3,300
Dec 12, 2024
4
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$3,300
Nov 13, 2023
5
GOOGLE
OrganizationMOUNTAIN VIEW, CA
$1,000
Feb 21, 2023
6
CHAIN BRIDGE BANK
OrganizationMCLEAN, VA
$25
Dec 6, 2023
7
ZOTTO, CARLA DEL
IndividualGLADEWATER, TX
$10,000
Aug 27, 2024
8
ANDERSON, ROLLIS
ANDERSON TRUCKING SERVICE INC.CEO
IndividualSAINT CLOUD, MN
$9,900
Feb 8, 2024
9
FAISON, JAY
CLEARPATHFOUNDER
IndividualCHARLOTTE, NC
$6,600
Jun 30, 2024
10
NYSTROM, BRIAN AND MARY ANN
NYSTROM & ASSOCIATESPRESIDENT & CEO
IndividualANDOVER, MN
$6,600
Sep 27, 2024

Rep. Issa, Darrell [R-CA-48]

ID: I000056

Top Contributors

10

1
AGUA CALIENTE BAND OF CAHUILLA INDIANS
OrganizationPALM SPRINGS, CA
$3,300
Nov 1, 2024
2
MASHANTUCKET (WESTERN) PEQUOT TRIBE
OrganizationMASHANTUCKET, CT
$3,300
Oct 25, 2023
3
SHINGLE SPRINGS BAND MIVOK INDIANS
OrganizationSHINGLE SPRINGS, CA
$3,300
Oct 25, 2023
4
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationBANNING, CA
$3,300
Mar 26, 2024
5
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationBANNING, CA
$3,300
Jun 28, 2023
6
SYCUAN BAND OF THE KUMEYAAY NATION
OrganizationEL CAJON, CA
$3,300
Jun 29, 2023
7
POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS
OrganizationATMORE, AL
$3,300
Jul 26, 2023
8
PECHANGA BAND OF LUISENO INDIANS
OrganizationTEMECULA, CA
$3,300
Sep 28, 2023
9
PECHANGA BAND OF LUISENO INDIANS
OrganizationTEMECULA, CA
$3,300
Aug 2, 2024
10
SHINGLE SPRINGS BAND MIWOK INDIANS
OrganizationSHINGLE SPRINGS, CA
$3,000
Oct 30, 2024

Rep. Kiley, Kevin [R-CA-3]

ID: K000401

Top Contributors

10

1
WINRED
COMARLINGTON, VA
$30
Oct 24, 2024
2
WINRED
COMARLINGTON, VA
$10
Oct 29, 2024
3
BENNETT WEST ROSEVILLE LLC
NOT INCORPORATED
OrganizationORANGEVALE, CA
$3,000
Oct 21, 2024
4
NICHOLSON & OLSON, CPAS
UNINCORPORATED PARTNERSHIP
OrganizationROSEVILLE, CA
$750
Jun 28, 2023
5
NASH, JILL
N/ANOT EMPLOYOED
IndividualLINCOLN, CA
$6,600
Jul 22, 2024
6
ROWE, SUSAN
N/ANOT EMPLOYED
IndividualBAKERSFIELD, CA
$6,600
May 20, 2024
7
BURKE, TIM
QUEST TECHNOLOGYBUSINESS OWNER
IndividualORANGEVALE, CA
$6,600
Oct 10, 2024
8
SMYTH, CHARLES
IndividualGRANITE BAY, CA
$6,600
Nov 3, 2024
9
FRANCK, KASI
SELFDENTIST
IndividualROCKLIN, CA
$6,600
Dec 28, 2023
10
BRADLEY, KATHERINE
CITYBRIDGE FOUNDATIONBOARD CHAIR
IndividualWASHINGTON, DC
$5,000
Sep 11, 2024

Rep. Zinke, Ryan K. [R-MT-1]

ID: Z000018

Top Contributors

10

1
PASCUA YAQUI TRIBE
OrganizationTUCSON, AZ
$3,300
Dec 31, 2023
2
PECHANGA BAND OF INDIANS
OrganizationTEMECULA, CA
$3,300
Feb 5, 2024
3
PECHANGA BAND OF INDIANS
OrganizationTEMECULA, CA
$3,300
Feb 5, 2024
4
THE TULALIP TRIBES OF WASHINGTON
OrganizationTULALIP, WA
$3,300
Jun 30, 2024
5
PALA BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationPALA, CA
$2,500
Jun 6, 2023
6
CONFEDERATED SALISH AND KOOTENAI TRIBES OF THE FLATHEAD NATION
OrganizationPABLO, MT
$2,350
Mar 20, 2023
7
SANTA YNEZ BAND OF MISSION INDIAN TRIBE
OrganizationSANTA YNEZ, CA
$2,000
Oct 28, 2024
8
SHINGLE SPRINGS BAND MIWOK INDIANS
OrganizationPLACERVILLE, CA
$2,000
Jan 16, 2024
9
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationBANNING, CA
$2,000
Mar 5, 2024
10
AK-CHIN INDIAN COMMUNITY
OrganizationMARICOPA, AZ
$2,000
Sep 30, 2024

Rep. Owens, Burgess [R-UT-4]

ID: O000086

Top Contributors

10

1
UTE INDIAN TRIBE
OrganizationFORT DUCHESNE, UT
$3,300
Nov 12, 2024
2
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationBANNING, CA
$2,000
Sep 30, 2024
3
PALMER, JEFFERY
NONERETIRED
IndividualMAPLETON, UT
$13,200
May 29, 2023
4
JENKINS, JAMES W.
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualSALT LAKE CITY, UT
$10,000
May 13, 2024
5
HOLSCHER, KELLY
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualPACIFIC PALISADES, CA
$6,600
Aug 22, 2024
6
LISONBEE, DAVID
4LIFE RESEARCHBUSINESS OWNER
IndividualPROVO, UT
$6,600
Mar 19, 2024
7
OVERHOLT, DAVID W. MR.
UNIFIED PURCHASING GROUPPRESIDENT
IndividualSOUTH JORDAN, UT
$6,600
Apr 3, 2024
8
DAICHENDT, JOE
ACI JETBUSINESS OWNER
IndividualLADERA RANCH, CA
$6,600
Mar 16, 2023
9
GRIFFIN, KENNETH
CITADEL LLCFOUNDER CEO
IndividualMIAMI BEACH, FL
$6,600
Apr 10, 2023
10
PALMER, KELLY
NONERETIRED
IndividualMAPLETON, UT
$6,600
Jun 13, 2023

Rep. Downing, Troy [R-MT-2]

ID: D000634

Top Contributors

10

1
REPUBLICAN MAINSTREET PARTNERSHIP PAC
PACWASHINGTON, DC
$5,000
Sep 18, 2024
2
BILLION, JOSEPH C
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualBOZEMAN, MT
$13,200
Dec 31, 2023
3
BILLION, PEDER J
BILLION DODGE CHRYSLER JEEP RAMOWNER
IndividualBOZEMAN, MT
$13,200
Dec 31, 2023
4
DURRETT, STEVEN
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualBILLINGS, MT
$13,200
May 1, 2024
5
BARNARD, MARY
HOMEMAKERHOMEMAKER
IndividualBOZEMAN, MT
$6,600
Aug 1, 2024
6
BARNARD, TIMOTHY
BARNARD CONST. CO.CHAIRMAN
IndividualBOZEMAN, MT
$6,600
Aug 1, 2024
7
GREGORY, JOSEPH R.
IndividualPINEY FLATS, TN
$6,600
Jul 15, 2024
8
PLANTE, THOMAS
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualHENDERSONVILLE, TN
$6,600
Sep 10, 2024
9
MENHOLT, DENNY
MENHOLT AUTO GROUPAUTO DEALER
IndividualBILLINGS, MT
$6,600
Aug 12, 2024
10
GALT, SHARRIE
IndividualMARTINSDALE, MT
$6,600
Nov 1, 2024

Donor Network - Rep. McClintock, Tom [R-CA-5]

PACs
Organizations
Individuals
Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

Loading...

Showing 50 nodes and 45 connections (43 secondary connections hidden)

Total contributions: $119,100

Top Donors - Rep. McClintock, Tom [R-CA-5]

Showing top 20 donors by contribution amount

6 Orgs1 Committee13 Individuals

Industry Impact

Which industries are materially affected by specific provisions in this bill. 2 helped.

  • Section 1(a)(1)(A) requires the Secretary of Agriculture to use all available resources to suppress wildfires within 24 hours, which will likely increase demand for firefighting crews, equipment, and support services, benefiting construction and engineering firms involved in wildfire suppression infrastructure and logistics.

  • Section 1(a)(1)(A) mandates rapid wildfire suppression using all available resources, which will likely increase need for ground and air transport of personnel, equipment, and supplies, benefiting freight rail, trucking, and logistics companies involved in wildfire response.

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document.

Introduction

Moderate65.8%
Pages: 566-568

— 533 — Department of the Interior order to fulfill the yet-unaltered congressional mandate contained in federal law, to provide for jobs and well-paying employment opportunities in rural Oregon, and to ameliorate the effects of wildfires, the new Administration must immedi- ately fulfill its responsibilities and manage the O&C lands for “permanent forest production” to ensure that the timber is “sold, cut, and removed.”79 NEPA Reforms. Congress never intended for the National Environmental Policy Act to grow into the tree-killing, project-dooming, decade-spanning mon- strosity that it has become. Instead, in 1970, Congress intended a short, succinct, timely presentation of information regarding major federal action that signifi- cantly affects the quality of the human environment so that decisionmakers can make informed decisions to benefit the American people. The Trump Administration adopted common-sense NEPA reform that must be restored immediately. Meanwhile, DOI should reinstate the secretarial orders adopted by the Trump Administration, such as placing time and page limits on NEPA documents and setting forth—on page one—the costs of the document itself. Meanwhile, the new Administration should call upon Congress to reform NEPA to meet its original goal. Consideration should be given, for example, to eliminat- ing judicial review of the adequacy of NEPA documents or the rectitude of NEPA decisions. This would allow Congress to engage in effective oversight of federal agencies when prudent. Settlement Transparency. Interior Secretary David Bernhardt required DOI to prominently display and provide open access to any and all litigation settlements into which DOI or its agencies entered, and any attorneys’ fees paid for ending the litigation.80 Biden’s DOI, aware that the settlements into which it planned to enter and the attorneys’ fees it was likely to pay would cause controversy, ended this policy.81 A new Administration should reinstate it. The Endangered Species Act. The Endangered Species Act was intended to bring endangered and threatened species back from the brink of extinction and, when appropriate, to restore real habitat critical to the survival of the spe- cies. The act’s success rate, however, is dismal. Its greatest deficiency, according to one renowned expert, is “conflict of interest.”82 Specifically, the work of the Fish and Wildlife Service is the product of “species cartels” afflicted with group- think, confirmation bias, and a common desire to preserve the prestige, power, and appropriations of the agency that pays or employs them. For example, in one highly influential sage-grouse monograph, 41 percent of the authors were federal workers. The editor, a federal bureaucrat, had authored one-third of the paper.83 Meaningful reform of the Endangered Species Act requires that Congress take action to restore its original purpose and end its use to seize private prop- erty, prevent economic development, and interfere with the rights of states over their wildlife populations. In the meantime, a new Administration should take the following immediate action: — 534 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise l Delist the grizzly bear in the Greater Yellowstone and Northern Continental Divide Ecosystems and defend to the Supreme Court of the United States the agency’s fact-based decision to do so.84 l Delist the gray wolf in the lower 48 states in light of its full recovery under the ESA.85 l Cede to western states jurisdiction over the greater sage-grouse, recognizing the on-the-ground expertise of states and preventing use of the sage-grouse to interfere with public access to public land and economic activity. l Direct the Fish and Wildlife Service to end its abuse of Section 10(j) of the ESA by re-introducing so-called “experiment species” populations into areas that no longer qualify as habitat and lie outside the historic ranges of those species, which brings with it the full weight of the ESA in areas previously without federal government oversight.86 l Direct the Fish and Wildlife Service to design and implement an impartial conservation triage program by prioritizing the allocation of limited resources to maximize conservation returns, relative to the conservation goals, under a constrained budget.87 l Direct the Fish and Wildlife Service to make all data used in ESA decisions available to the public, with limited or no exceptions, to fulfill the public’s right to know and to prevent the agency’s previous opaque decision-making. l Abolish the Biological Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey and obtain necessary scientific research about species of concern from universities via competitive requests for proposals. l Direct the Fish and Wildlife Service to: (1) design and implement an Endangered Species Act program that ensures independent decision- making by ending reliance on so-called species specialists who have obvious self-interest, ideological bias, and land-use agendas; and (2) ensure conformity with the Information Quality Act.88 Office of Surface Mining. The Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSM) was created by the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA)89 to administer programs for controlling the impacts of surface coal mining operations. Although the coal industry is contracting, coal constitutes

Introduction

Moderate65.8%
Pages: 566-568

— 533 — Department of the Interior order to fulfill the yet-unaltered congressional mandate contained in federal law, to provide for jobs and well-paying employment opportunities in rural Oregon, and to ameliorate the effects of wildfires, the new Administration must immedi- ately fulfill its responsibilities and manage the O&C lands for “permanent forest production” to ensure that the timber is “sold, cut, and removed.”79 NEPA Reforms. Congress never intended for the National Environmental Policy Act to grow into the tree-killing, project-dooming, decade-spanning mon- strosity that it has become. Instead, in 1970, Congress intended a short, succinct, timely presentation of information regarding major federal action that signifi- cantly affects the quality of the human environment so that decisionmakers can make informed decisions to benefit the American people. The Trump Administration adopted common-sense NEPA reform that must be restored immediately. Meanwhile, DOI should reinstate the secretarial orders adopted by the Trump Administration, such as placing time and page limits on NEPA documents and setting forth—on page one—the costs of the document itself. Meanwhile, the new Administration should call upon Congress to reform NEPA to meet its original goal. Consideration should be given, for example, to eliminat- ing judicial review of the adequacy of NEPA documents or the rectitude of NEPA decisions. This would allow Congress to engage in effective oversight of federal agencies when prudent. Settlement Transparency. Interior Secretary David Bernhardt required DOI to prominently display and provide open access to any and all litigation settlements into which DOI or its agencies entered, and any attorneys’ fees paid for ending the litigation.80 Biden’s DOI, aware that the settlements into which it planned to enter and the attorneys’ fees it was likely to pay would cause controversy, ended this policy.81 A new Administration should reinstate it. The Endangered Species Act. The Endangered Species Act was intended to bring endangered and threatened species back from the brink of extinction and, when appropriate, to restore real habitat critical to the survival of the spe- cies. The act’s success rate, however, is dismal. Its greatest deficiency, according to one renowned expert, is “conflict of interest.”82 Specifically, the work of the Fish and Wildlife Service is the product of “species cartels” afflicted with group- think, confirmation bias, and a common desire to preserve the prestige, power, and appropriations of the agency that pays or employs them. For example, in one highly influential sage-grouse monograph, 41 percent of the authors were federal workers. The editor, a federal bureaucrat, had authored one-third of the paper.83 Meaningful reform of the Endangered Species Act requires that Congress take action to restore its original purpose and end its use to seize private prop- erty, prevent economic development, and interfere with the rights of states over their wildlife populations. In the meantime, a new Administration should take the following immediate action:

Introduction

Moderate63.9%
Pages: 350-352

— 318 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise 121. U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, “FY 1905–2021 National Summary Cut and Sold Data Graphs,” https://www.fs.usda.gov/forestmanagement/documents/sold-harvest/documents/1905-2021_Natl_ Summary_Graph_wHarvestAcres.pdf (accessed December 16, 2022), and U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, “Forest Products Cut and Sold from the National Forests and Grasslands,” https://www.fs.usda. gov/forestmanagement/products/cut-sold/index.shtml (accessed December 16, 2022). 122. Donald J. Trump, “Promoting Active Management of America’s Forests, Rangelands, and Other Federal Lands to Improve Conditions and Reduce Wildfire Risk,” Executive Order 13855, December 21, 2018, https://www. govinfo.gov/content/pkg/DCPD-201800866/pdf/DCPD-201800866.pdf (accessed December 16, 2022). 123. Ibid. 124. Ibid. 125. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/ (accessed December 16, 2022). 126. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, “History of the Dietary Guidelines,” https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/ about-dietary-guidelines/history-dietary-guidelines (accessed December 16, 2022). 127. Daren Bakst, “Extreme Environmental Agenda Hijacks Dietary Guidelines: Comment to the Advisory Committee,” The Daily Signal, July 17, 2014, https://www.dailysignal.com/2014/07/17/extreme-environmental- agenda-hijacks-dietary-guidelines-comment-advisory-committee/ (accessed December 16, 2022). 128. Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, S. 3307, 111th Cong., 2nd Sess., https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th- congress/senate-bill/3307/text (accessed December 16, 2022), and Dietary Guidelines for Americans, “Current Dietary Guidelines,” https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/usda-hhs-development-dietary-guidelines (accessed December 16, 2022). — 319 — 11 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Lindsey M. Burke MISSION Federal education policy should be limited and, ultimately, the federal Depart- ment of Education should be eliminated. When power is exercised, it should empower students and families, not government. In our pluralistic society, fami- lies and students should be free to choose from a diverse set of school options and learning environments that best fit their needs. Our postsecondary institutions should also reflect such diversity, with room for not only “traditional” liberal arts colleges and research universities but also faith-based institutions, career schools, military academies, and lifelong learning programs. Elementary and secondary education policy should follow the path outlined by Milton Friedman in 1955, wherein education is publicly funded but education decisions are made by families. Ultimately, every parent should have the option to direct his or her child’s share of education funding through an education sav- ings account (ESA), funded overwhelmingly by state and local taxpayers, which would empower parents to choose a set of education options that meet their child's unique needs. States are eager to lead in K–12 education. For decades, they have acted inde- pendently of the federal government to pioneer a variety of constructive reforms and school choice programs. For example, in 2011, Arizona first piloted ESAs, which provide families roughly 90 percent of what the state would have spent on that child in public school to be used instead on education options such as private school tuition, online courses, and tutoring. In 2022, Arizona expanded the program to be available to all families.

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