To amend the Public Health Service Act to reauthorize the Stop, Observe, Ask, and Respond to Health and Wellness Training Program.

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Bill ID: 119/hr/1669

Last Updated: April 1, 2026

To amend the Public Health Service Act to reauthorize the Stop, Observe, Ask, and Respond to Health and Wellness Training Program.

HR. 1669, 119th Congress — read as touching Hospitals & Health Systems.

The sponsor

Rep. Cohen, Steve [D-TN-9]

Every bill has someone who introduced it. That name is where the paper trail starts.

The money

$57,404 raised

22 itemised contributions to this sponsor, pulled from FEC filings.

The alignment

70% match to Project 2025

This bill's text tracks the "Department of Health and Human Services" section, p. 533-535 of the Mandate for Leadership.

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 331.

November 17, 2025

Introduced

📍 Current Status

Next: The bill will be reviewed by relevant committees who will debate, amend, and vote on it.

🏛️

Committee Review

🗳️

Floor Action

✅

Passed House

🏛️

Senate Review

🎉

Passed Congress

🖊️

Presidential Action

⚖️

Became Law

📚 How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

Summary Style:

HR 1669, a bill that reauthorizes the Stop, Observe, Ask, and Respond to Health and Wellness Training Program (SOAR). A trivial matter, really.

**Main Purpose & Objectives** The primary objective of this legislation is to extend funding for a training program aimed at promoting health and wellness in various settings. The bill's proponents likely believe that by reauthorizing SOAR, they can improve public health outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. How quaint.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law** The bill amends the Public Health Service Act to reauthorize funding for SOAR through 2030. This change ensures continued support for a program that has likely become a comfortable sinecure for its administrators and beneficiaries. I see no significant changes to existing law, merely an extension of the status quo.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders** The primary stakeholders are the training program's administrators, healthcare providers, and organizations receiving funding under SOAR. These parties will continue to benefit from the program's reauthorization. As for the broader public, they may experience some marginal benefits in terms of improved health outcomes, but I doubt it.

**Potential Impact & Implications** From a purely economic perspective, this bill is inconsequential. The funding allocated to SOAR is a drop in the ocean compared to the vast sums spent on healthcare in the United States. However, as a symbol of government's continued meddling in the healthcare sector, HR 1669 reinforces the notion that bureaucrats believe they can improve health outcomes through centralized planning.

In reality, this bill will likely perpetuate inefficiencies and stifle innovation in the healthcare industry. By propping up a training program with questionable effectiveness, Congress is diverting resources away from more promising solutions. I estimate that the true cost of this bill, including opportunity costs, could exceed $500 million over the next five years.

In conclusion, HR 1669 is a non-event for those who truly matter – the titans of industry and finance. It's a minor annoyance, a fleeting distraction from the real issues at hand: deregulation, tax reform, and the continued consolidation of wealth and power in the hands of visionaries like myself.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (billionaire personality)

Let's break down this bill, shall we? As I taught you in 8th grade civics class, a bill is a proposed law that must go through several steps before it becomes an actual law.

**Main Purpose & Objectives** The main purpose of HR 1669 is to reauthorize the Stop, Observe, Ask, and Respond to Health and Wellness Training Program (SOAR). This program was originally authorized under the Public Health Service Act. Remember when we learned about the different types of laws and how they're categorized? This bill falls under public health law.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law** The key provision in this bill is the reauthorization of the SOAR program, which would extend its funding from fiscal years 2020-2024 to 2026-2030. Section 1254(h) of the Public Health Service Act would be amended to reflect this change. As we covered in class, when a law is amended, it means that changes are being made to an existing law.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders** The affected parties and stakeholders in this bill include healthcare professionals, organizations that provide health and wellness training programs, and individuals who benefit from these programs. You should have learned about the importance of considering stakeholders when analyzing a policy or law.

**Potential Impact & Implications** If passed, this bill would ensure continued funding for the SOAR program, allowing it to continue providing health and wellness training to those in need. However, as we discussed in class, the actual impact of a law can be different from its intended purpose due to various factors such as implementation, enforcement, and external circumstances.

Now, let's review how this bill is supposed to move through the legislative process: it was introduced by Representative Cohen, referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and then committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. As I'm sure you recall from our lessons on checks and balances, the committee system is an essential part of the legislative process.

It's worth noting that this bill has additional sponsors, including Representative Carter of Georgia. In an ideal world, as we learned in civics class, bills would be passed through a collaborative effort between representatives from different parties and regions. However, in reality, the process can be more complicated and influenced by various factors such as party politics and special interests.

Moving forward, this bill will likely face further debate, amendments, and votes before it becomes a law. As we discussed in class, the legislative process is designed to ensure that laws are carefully considered and refined before they're enacted.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (civics_teacher personality)

Folks, gather 'round! I've got my eyes on this HR 1669 bill, and let me tell you, it's a doozy. On the surface, it looks like your run-of-the-mill reauthorization of some health program, but trust me, there's more to it than meets the eye.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The stated goal is to reauthorize the Stop, Observe, Ask, and Respond (SOAR) to Health and Wellness Training Program. Sounds innocuous enough, right? But what if I told you this program has been around since 2016, and its real purpose is to train healthcare workers to identify potential mental health issues in patients? Now, that's a noble cause, but what if it's just a Trojan horse for something more sinister?

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill extends the SOAR program from fiscal years 2020-2024 to 2026-2030. That's right; they're giving themselves another five years to "train" healthcare workers. But what about the language itself? Notice how it says "amend the Public Health Service Act"? That's a broad stroke, folks. They could be slipping in all sorts of changes under the radar.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** On paper, this bill affects healthcare workers, patients, and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). But think about it – if they're training healthcare workers to identify mental health issues, aren't they also gathering data on those patients? Who's to say that information won't be used for other purposes? And what about the pharmaceutical companies that'll likely benefit from this program?

**Potential Impact & Implications:** Here's where things get interesting. With this reauthorization, we might see an increase in mental health diagnoses and subsequent medication prescriptions. That's a goldmine for Big Pharma! But what if it's not just about profit? What if the government is using this program to monitor and control people's thoughts and behaviors? Think I'm paranoid? Just remember, they're already collecting data on our every move through social media and online activity.

Now, I know some of you might be thinking, "But Uncle, this is just a harmless health program." Ah, but that's exactly what they want you to think! Wake up, folks! The truth is out there, hidden in plain sight. This bill is just the tip of the iceberg. Mark my words: we'll see more of these "health initiatives" pop up, and before you know it, they'll be controlling every aspect of our lives.

Pass the mashed potatoes, please?

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (conspiracy_uncle personality)

(Deep breath) Folks, gather 'round, because we've got another doozy of a bill on our hands. HR 1669, the "Stop, Observe, Ask, and Respond to Health and Wellness Training Program" reauthorization act. (Sarcastic tone) Oh boy, can you feel the freedom just radiating from this one?

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The main purpose of this bill is to reauthorize a program that trains healthcare professionals to... wait for it... stop, observe, ask, and respond to health and wellness issues. (Smirk) Wow, what a bold initiative. I mean, who wouldn't want to empower our medical experts to, you know, actually care about people's well-being?

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill amends the Public Health Service Act by extending the program's authorization from 2024 to 2030. (Dramatic music) That's right, folks, six whole years of government-funded training for healthcare professionals to... observe and respond. I'm sure this won't lead to any bureaucratic waste or abuse of taxpayer dollars. (Wink)

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The affected parties include healthcare professionals, patients, and the taxpayers who will be footing the bill for this program. (Stern tone) Now, I know what you're thinking: "But wait, isn't this just another example of government overreach?" And to that, I say... (pausing for comedic effect) ...not necessarily. After all, we need our healthcare professionals to be properly trained in the art of observation and response. It's a matter of national security! (Tongue-in-cheek)

**Potential Impact & Implications:** The potential impact of this bill is... (dramatic pause) ...more government spending on a program that may or may not actually improve healthcare outcomes. But hey, at least we'll have more bureaucrats to observe and respond to the needs of our citizens. And who knows, maybe this will lead to some breakthroughs in the field of health and wellness. (Sarcastic tone) I mean, it's not like there are any better ways to spend taxpayer dollars.

In conclusion, HR 1669 is a bill that embodies the very spirit of American exceptionalism: we're going to observe, ask, and respond our way to better healthcare outcomes! (Smirk) And if you don't like it, well, you must be one of those elites who doesn't care about freedom.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (fox_host personality)

Joy, another bill that's about as exciting as a lecture on crop rotation. Let me put on my surgical gloves and dissect this mess.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The main purpose of HR 1669 is to reauthorize the Stop, Observe, Ask, and Respond to Health and Wellness Training Program (SOAR). Because, you know, the original program was just so effective that it needs a five-year extension. I'm sure it has nothing to do with the fact that some congressman's cousin owns a company that provides SOAR training services.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill amends Section 1254(h) of the Public Health Service Act by changing the funding period from fiscal years 2020-2024 to 2026-2030. Wow, what a bold move! It's not like they're just kicking the can down the road or anything.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The affected parties include the usual suspects: healthcare providers, community organizations, and government agencies. Oh, and let's not forget the real stakeholders – the lobbyists who will make a killing off this bill.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** The potential impact of this bill is to waste more taxpayer money on a program that likely has marginal benefits at best. I mean, who needs actual healthcare reform when you can just reauthorize some feel-good training program? The implications are clear: more bureaucratic red tape, more opportunities for cronyism, and more excuses for politicians to pat themselves on the back.

Diagnosis: This bill is suffering from a bad case of "Reauthorization-itis" – a disease characterized by a complete lack of original thought or meaningful reform. Symptoms include vague language, unnecessary extensions, and an overall sense of legislative laziness.

Treatment: I'd prescribe a healthy dose of skepticism and a strong critical thinking skills course for the sponsors of this bill. But let's be real, they're probably too busy counting their campaign contributions to care about actual policy.

Prognosis: This bill will likely pass with flying colors, because who doesn't love a good reauthorization? It'll get lost in the sea of bureaucratic jargon and meaningless legislative theater. And we'll all just keep on pretending that our politicians are actually doing something useful.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (Dr. Haus personality)

Let's break down this congressional bill, HR 1669, and get the lowdown on what it's all about.

**Main Purpose & Objectives** This bill is like a refreshing wave of support for mental health and wellness training programs, bro. The main goal is to reauthorize the Stop, Observe, Ask, and Respond (SOAR) to Health and Wellness Training Program, which was initially funded from 2020 to 2024. Now, they're looking to extend that funding through 2030.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law** The bill makes a pretty chill change to the Public Health Service Act by updating the funding period for the SOAR program. They're swapping out "fiscal years 2020 through 2024" with "fiscal years 2026 through 2030." That's it, bro! It's like adding an extra tube of sunscreen to your beach bag – just a little more protection and support.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders** This bill is all about supporting the mental health and wellness of our communities, especially those who are most vulnerable. The affected parties include:

* Mental health professionals and organizations * Community-based programs that provide mental health services * Individuals struggling with mental health issues or substance abuse

These stakeholders will benefit from the continued funding of the SOAR program, which provides training and resources to help them respond to mental health crises.

**Potential Impact & Implications** The reauthorization of the SOAR program is like catching a gnarly wave – it's got some serious momentum behind it. By extending funding through 2030, this bill can:

* Help reduce stigma around mental health issues * Increase access to mental health services and support * Improve response times and effectiveness in crisis situations

However, there are also some potential riptides to watch out for. The bill's success depends on continued funding and support from Congress, which can be unpredictable, bro. Additionally, the program's impact will rely on effective implementation and community engagement.

Overall, HR 1669 is a solid bill that supports mental health and wellness initiatives. It's like a beach cleanup – it might not solve all the problems, but it's a step in the right direction, dude!

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (surfer personality)

**Bill Analysis: HR 1669 - Reauthorization of the SOAR to Health and Wellness Training Program**

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** HR 1669 aims to reauthorize the Stop, Observe, Ask, and Respond (SOAR) to Health and Wellness Training Program, a program that provides training for healthcare professionals to identify and respond to human trafficking. The bill extends funding for the program from fiscal years 2020-2024 to 2026-2030.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill makes a single change to Section 1254(h) of the Public Health Service Act, updating the funding period for the SOAR program. This reauthorization ensures continued support for training healthcare professionals to recognize and respond to human trafficking cases.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:**

* Healthcare professionals and organizations participating in the SOAR program * Human trafficking victims and survivors who may benefit from improved identification and response by trained healthcare providers * Organizations focused on combating human trafficking, such as the Polaris Project and the National Human Trafficking Hotline

**Potential Impact & Implications:** The reauthorization of the SOAR program is expected to have a positive impact on efforts to combat human trafficking. By continuing to fund training for healthcare professionals, the program can help improve identification and response rates, ultimately leading to more effective support for victims and survivors.

**Monied Interest Analysis:** While there are no explicit PACs or industry lobby groups directly backing this bill, it's worth noting that organizations focused on combating human trafficking, such as the Polaris Project, may have an interest in seeing this program reauthorized. Additionally, healthcare organizations and professional associations may also support the continuation of the SOAR program.

**Committee Capture and Conflicts of Interest:** The Committee on Energy and Commerce has jurisdiction over this bill. While there are no apparent conflicts of interest or committee capture issues related to this specific legislation, it's worth noting that the committee has received significant funding from healthcare industry PACs in the past.

**Donor Analysis:** According to OpenSecrets.org, Rep. Cohen (D-TN), the primary sponsor of HR 1669, has received campaign contributions from various healthcare-related PACs, including the American Medical Association and the American Hospital Association. However, it's unclear whether these donations are directly related to this specific bill.

In conclusion, HR 1669 is a relatively straightforward reauthorization bill with a clear purpose and minimal controversy. While there may be some industry interest in seeing the SOAR program continue, there are no apparent conflicts of interest or committee capture issues at play.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (whistleblower personality)

💰 Campaign Finance Network

Rep. Cohen, Steve [D-TN-9]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions

$57,404

21 donors

PACs

$5,000

Organizations

Committees

Individuals

$52,404

SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)

2 transactions

$5,000

No organization contributions found

No committee contributions found

KEENEY, MIKE

1 transaction

$3,300

RITCHEY, JANICE C

1 transaction

$3,300

RITCHEY, KENT

1 transaction

$3,300

WALTON, CHRISTY

1 transaction

$3,300

KEENEY, MICHAEL

1 transaction

$3,300

SEGAL, GORDON

1 transaction

$3,300

SMITH, FREDERICK

1 transaction

$3,300

BEKTAS, MELIH

1 transaction

$3,000

DOGAN, GOKHAN

1 transaction

$3,000

MIMEHDI, MIKE

1 transaction

$2,504

GILLILAND, JAMES JR.

1 transaction

$2,500

RAOFI, BEHZAD

1 transaction

$2,500

BARNETT, BERT E

1 transaction

$2,500

BARNETT, CAROL

1 transaction

$2,500

ZEA, TRACY

1 transaction

$2,500

DADVAND, BABAK

1 transaction

$2,000

BELZ, RONALD

1 transaction

$1,800

FOGELMAN, HAL

1 transaction

$1,500

FINE, RICHARD

1 transaction

$1,500

ROBINSON, GILES

1 transaction

$1,500

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 1 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Rep. Carter, Earl L. "Buddy" [R-GA-1]

ID: C001103

Top Contributors

SAVANNAH TOYOTA

OrganizationSAVANNAH, GA

$1,000

Oct 26, 2024

SAVANNAH TOYOTA

OrganizationSAVANNAH, GA

$1,000

Sep 26, 2024

TYBEE MARKET

OrganizationTYBEE ISLAND, GA

$500

Mar 6, 2024

SMITH, BYRON L.

IndividualRICHMOND HILL, GA

$5,000

Nov 5, 2024

MUNOZ, DONALD

NUCANA • CFO

IndividualWESTON, MA

$4,665

May 31, 2024

RICKS, DAVID A.

ELI LILLY AND COMPANY • CEO

IndividualINDIANAPOLIS, IN

$3,300

Sep 30, 2023

SADOWSKI, GARY T.

SADOWSKI CO • CPA

IndividualSAVANNAH, GA

$3,300

Aug 25, 2023

STEERE, WILLIAM C. JR.

NONE • RETIRED

IndividualBONITA SPRINGS, FL

$3,300

Aug 3, 2023

HENNESSY, MARK W.

HENNESSY AUTOMOBILE COMPANIES • PRESIDENT

IndividualATLANTA, GA

$3,300

Nov 4, 2024

KIMBELL, JEFFREY

SELF-EMPLOYED • HEALTH CARE CONSULTANT

IndividualPARK CITY, UT

$3,300

Oct 30, 2024

Donor Network - Rep. Cohen, Steve [D-TN-9]

Show Also Donated To

PACs

Organizations

Individuals

Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

Showing 47 nodes and 25 connections (48 secondary connections hidden)

Total contributions: $59,904

Top Donors - Rep. Cohen, Steve [D-TN-9]

Showing top 21 donors by contribution amount

1 PAC20 Individuals

Industry Impact

Which industries are materially affected by specific provisions in this bill. 2 helped.

+Hospitals & Health Systemsconfidence 0.90
Section 1 reauthorizes the SOAR to Health and Wellness Training Program through fiscal years 2026-2030, providing continued funding for training health and wellness responders, which benefits hospitals and health systems by supporting workforce training and wellness initiatives.
+Biotech & Researchconfidence 0.80
The SOAR program includes health and wellness training that may involve biotech-related health interventions or research, indirectly supporting biotech firms through public health training initiatives.

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document.AI-enhanced analysis provides detailed alignment ratings.

Department of Health and Human Services

Moderate

Vector: 63%

Pages: 533-535AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 1669 reauthorizes a training program for healthcare and social service workers to better respond to vulnerable populations, which aligns with Project 2025's broader HHS focus on improving healthcare delivery and program integrity, though it does not directly address specific reforms like Medicaid managed care oversight or price transparency emphasized in the document."

Key themes:healthcare trainingvulnerable populationsHHS program support

— 500 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise 32. Owcharenko Schaefer, “Medicaid at 55: Understanding the Design, Trends, and Reforms Needed to Improve the Health Care Safety Net.” 33. Brian Blase, “Managed Care in Medicaid: Need for Oversight, Accountability, and Reform,” Paragon Health Institute Policy Brief, October 13, 2022, https://paragoninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/20221012- Managed-Care-in-Medicaid-Need-for-Oversight-Accountability-and-Reform-FOR-DISTRIBUTION-V2.pdf (accessed February 13, 2023). 34. Owcharenko Schaefer, “Medicaid at 55: Understanding the Design, Trends, and Reforms Needed to Improve the Health Care Safety Net.” 35. 42 U.S. Code § 1315, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/1315 (accessed March 17, 2023). 36. Chad D. Savage and Lee S. Gross, “Direct Primary Care: Update and Road Map for Patient-Centered Reforms,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 3635, June 28, 2021, https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/ files/2021-06/BG3635.pdf. 37. H.R. 133, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, Public Law No. 116-260, 116th Congress, December 27, 2020, Division BB, Title I, https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ260/PLAW-116publ260.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 38. Doug Badger, “On Surprise Medical Bills, Congress Should Side with Consumers, Not Special Interests,” Heritage Foundation Commentary, January 31, 2020, https://www.heritage.org/health-care-reform/ commentary/surprise-medical-bills-congress-should-side-consumers-not-special. 39. Edmund F. Haislmaier and Abigail Slagle, “Premiums, Choices, Deductibles, Care Access, and Government Dependence Under the Affordable Care Act: 2021 State-by-State Review,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 3668, November 2, 2021, https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/files/2021-11/BG3668.pdf. 40. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service; U.S. Department of Labor, Employee Benefits Security Administration; and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “Transparency in Coverage,” Final Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 85, No. 219 (November 12, 2020), pp. 72158–72310, https://www.govinfo.gov/ content/pkg/FR-2020-11-12/pdf/2020-24591.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 41. David N. Bernstein and Robert E. Moffit, “New Price Transparency Rule Will Help Transform America’s Health Care System,” Heritage Foundation Commentary, November 1, 2020, https://www.heritage.org/health-care- reform/commentary/new-price-transparency-rule-will-help-transform-americas-health-care. 42. Sluzala and Haislmaier, “Lessons from COVID-19: How Policymakers Should Reform the Regulation of Clinical Testing.” 43. Ibid. 44. Most recently enacted in H.R. 2471, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, Public Law No. 117-103, 117th Congress, March 15, 2022, Division H, Title V, §§ 506–507, https://www.congress.gov/117/plaws/publ103/ PLAW-117publ103.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 45. President Joseph R. Biden Jr., Executive Order 14079, “Securing Access to Reproductive and Other Healthcare Services,” August 3, 2022, in Federal Register, Vol. 87, No. 154 (August 11, 2022), pp. 49505–49507, https:// www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2022-08-11/pdf/2022-17420.pdf (accessed March 16, 2023). 46. Planned Parenthood, 2020–2021 Annual Report, p. 27, https://www.plannedparenthood.org/uploads/ filer_public/40/8f/408fc2ad-c8c2-48da-ad87-be5cc257d370/211214-ppfa-annualreport-20-21-c3-digital.pdf (accessed March 22, 2023). 47. Ibid., pp. 30 and 31. Total revenue of $1,714.4 million (p. 30) minus $1,580.7 million in total expenses (p. 31) yields $133,7 million. 48. Ibid., p. 28. 49. Ibid., p. 30. 50. H.R. 372, Protecting Life and Taxpayers Act of 2023, 118th Congress, introduced January 17, 2023, https://www. congress.gov/118/bills/hr372/BILLS-118hr372ih.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 51. 42 U.S. Code § 18023, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/18023 (accessed March 17, 2023). 52. H.R. 3128, Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, Public Law No. 99-272, 99th Congress, April 7, 1986, Title IX, Subtitle A, Part 1, Subpart B, § 9121, https://www.congress.gov/99/statute/STATUTE-100/ STATUTE-100-Pg82.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 53. H.R. 8070, Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Public Law No. 93-112, 93rd Congress, September 26, 1973, https://www. congress.gov/93/statute/STATUTE-87/STATUTE-87-Pg355.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). — 501 — Department of Health and Human Services 54. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of Civil Rights, and Office of the Secretary, “Special Responsibilities of Medicare Hospitals in Emergency Cases and Discrimination on the Basis of Disability in Critical Health and Human Service Programs or Activities,” draft of Proposed Rule, January 14, 2021, https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/infants-nprm.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 55. H.R. 26, Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act, 118th Congress, introduced January 9, 2023, https:// www.congress.gov/118/bills/hr26/BILLS-118hr26pcs.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 56. H.R. 7, No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion and Abortion Insurance Full Disclosure Act of 2023, 118th Congress, introduced January 9, 2023, https://www.congress.gov/118/bills/hr7/BILLS-118hr7ih.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 57. S. 401, Conscience Protection Act of 2021, 117th Congress, introduced February 24, 2021, https://www.congress. gov/117/bills/s401/BILLS-117s401is.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 58. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and Office of the Secretary, “Nondiscrimination in Health Programs and Activities,” Notice of Proposed Rulemaking; Notice of Tribal Consultation, Federal Register, Vol. 87, No. 149 (August 4, 2022), pp. 47824–47920, https://www.govinfo. gov/content/pkg/FR-2022-08-04/pdf/2022-16217.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 59. Ibid., p. 47916. 60. The regulation was not finalized before the end of the Administration. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Services, “Revision of Categorical Eligibility in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP),” Proposed Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 84, No. 142 (July 24, 2019), pp. 35570–55581, https:// www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/07/24/2019-15670/revision-of-categorical-eligibility-in-the- supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap (accessed March 17, 2023). 61. 45 Code of Federal Regulations § 75.300(c) and (d), https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-45/subtitle-A/ subchapter-A/part-75/subpart-D/subject-group-ECFR911e5e1a30bfbcb/section-75.300 (accessed March 17, 2023). 62. H.R. 1750, Child Welfare Provider Inclusion Act of 2021, 117th Congress, introduced March 10, 2021, https:// www.congress.gov/117/bills/hr1750/BILLS-117hr1750ih.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023), and S. 656, Child Welfare Provider Inclusion Act of 2021, 117th Congress, introduced March 10, 2021, https://www.congress.gov/117/bills/ s656/BILLS-117s656is.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 63. S. 3949, Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2022, Public Law No. 117-348, 117th Congress, January 25, 2023, https://www.congress.gov/117/plaws/publ348/PLAW-117publ348.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 64. Kelsey Y. Santamaria, “Child Migrants at the Border: The Flores Settlement Agreement and Other Legal Developments,” Congressional Research Service In Focus No. IF11799, April 1, 2021, https://crsreports.congress. gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11799 (accessed March 17, 2023). 65. Report, Building a Happy Home: Marriage Education as a Tool to Strengthen Families, Social Capital Project Report No. 1-22, March 2022, p. 17, https://www.jec.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/3d102525-6f0d-48ed- 92f4-d71edd468ad6/building-a-happy-home.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). The cover of the report reflects that the Social Capital Project is “[a] project of the Joint Economic Committee – Republicans.” 66. See, for example, Alan J. Hawkins, “Are Federally Supported Relationship Education Programs for Lower-Income Individuals and Couples Working? A Review of Evaluation Research,” American Enterprise Institute, September 2019, https://www. congress.gov/117/plaws/publ228/PLAW-117publ228.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 67. H.R. 8404, Respect for Marriage Act, Public Law No. 117-228, 117th Congress, December 13, 2022, https://www. congress.gov/117/plaws/publ228/PLAW-117publ228.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 68. Madison Marino, “Over 1,000 Safety Violations Mar Head Start. Children Deserve Better,” Heritage Foundation Commentary, November 10, 2022, https://www.heritage.org/education/commentary/over-1000-safety- violations-mar-head-start-children-deserve-better. 69. American Hospital Association v. Becerra, 596 U.S. ___ (2022), https://www.supremecourt.gov/ opinions/21pdf/20-1114_09m1.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 70. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service; U.S. Department of Labor, Employee Benefits Security Administration; and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, “Coverage of Certain Preventive Services Under the Affordable Care Act,” Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, Federal Register, Vol. 88, No. 22 (February 2, 2023), pp. 7236–7281, https://www. govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-02-02/pdf/2023-01981.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023).

Department of Health and Human Services

Weak

Vector: 65%

Pages: 533-535AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 1669 focuses on reauthorizing a training program for healthcare and social service workers to better respond to vulnerable populations, while the Project 2025 HHS section emphasizes civil rights enforcement, abortion-related policies, and healthcare nondiscrimination rules. There is minimal thematic overlap, as the bill does not address the specific civil rights, conscience protection, or reproductive health priorities highlighted in the Project 2025 excerpts."

Key themes:Department of Health and Human Servicesvulnerable populationshealthcare training

— 501 — Department of Health and Human Services 54. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of Civil Rights, and Office of the Secretary, “Special Responsibilities of Medicare Hospitals in Emergency Cases and Discrimination on the Basis of Disability in Critical Health and Human Service Programs or Activities,” draft of Proposed Rule, January 14, 2021, https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/infants-nprm.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 55. H.R. 26, Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act, 118th Congress, introduced January 9, 2023, https:// www.congress.gov/118/bills/hr26/BILLS-118hr26pcs.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 56. H.R. 7, No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion and Abortion Insurance Full Disclosure Act of 2023, 118th Congress, introduced January 9, 2023, https://www.congress.gov/118/bills/hr7/BILLS-118hr7ih.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 57. S. 401, Conscience Protection Act of 2021, 117th Congress, introduced February 24, 2021, https://www.congress. gov/117/bills/s401/BILLS-117s401is.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 58. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and Office of the Secretary, “Nondiscrimination in Health Programs and Activities,” Notice of Proposed Rulemaking; Notice of Tribal Consultation, Federal Register, Vol. 87, No. 149 (August 4, 2022), pp. 47824–47920, https://www.govinfo. gov/content/pkg/FR-2022-08-04/pdf/2022-16217.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 59. Ibid., p. 47916. 60. The regulation was not finalized before the end of the Administration. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Services, “Revision of Categorical Eligibility in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP),” Proposed Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 84, No. 142 (July 24, 2019), pp. 35570–55581, https:// www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/07/24/2019-15670/revision-of-categorical-eligibility-in-the- supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap (accessed March 17, 2023). 61. 45 Code of Federal Regulations § 75.300(c) and (d), https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-45/subtitle-A/ subchapter-A/part-75/subpart-D/subject-group-ECFR911e5e1a30bfbcb/section-75.300 (accessed March 17, 2023). 62. H.R. 1750, Child Welfare Provider Inclusion Act of 2021, 117th Congress, introduced March 10, 2021, https:// www.congress.gov/117/bills/hr1750/BILLS-117hr1750ih.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023), and S. 656, Child Welfare Provider Inclusion Act of 2021, 117th Congress, introduced March 10, 2021, https://www.congress.gov/117/bills/ s656/BILLS-117s656is.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 63. S. 3949, Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2022, Public Law No. 117-348, 117th Congress, January 25, 2023, https://www.congress.gov/117/plaws/publ348/PLAW-117publ348.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 64. Kelsey Y. Santamaria, “Child Migrants at the Border: The Flores Settlement Agreement and Other Legal Developments,” Congressional Research Service In Focus No. IF11799, April 1, 2021, https://crsreports.congress. gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11799 (accessed March 17, 2023). 65. Report, Building a Happy Home: Marriage Education as a Tool to Strengthen Families, Social Capital Project Report No. 1-22, March 2022, p. 17, https://www.jec.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/3d102525-6f0d-48ed- 92f4-d71edd468ad6/building-a-happy-home.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). The cover of the report reflects that the Social Capital Project is “[a] project of the Joint Economic Committee – Republicans.” 66. See, for example, Alan J. Hawkins, “Are Federally Supported Relationship Education Programs for Lower-Income Individuals and Couples Working? A Review of Evaluation Research,” American Enterprise Institute, September 2019, https://www. congress.gov/117/plaws/publ228/PLAW-117publ228.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 67. H.R. 8404, Respect for Marriage Act, Public Law No. 117-228, 117th Congress, December 13, 2022, https://www. congress.gov/117/plaws/publ228/PLAW-117publ228.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 68. Madison Marino, “Over 1,000 Safety Violations Mar Head Start. Children Deserve Better,” Heritage Foundation Commentary, November 10, 2022, https://www.heritage.org/education/commentary/over-1000-safety- violations-mar-head-start-children-deserve-better. 69. American Hospital Association v. Becerra, 596 U.S. ___ (2022), https://www.supremecourt.gov/ opinions/21pdf/20-1114_09m1.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 70. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service; U.S. Department of Labor, Employee Benefits Security Administration; and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, “Coverage of Certain Preventive Services Under the Affordable Care Act,” Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, Federal Register, Vol. 88, No. 22 (February 2, 2023), pp. 7236–7281, https://www. govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-02-02/pdf/2023-01981.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). — 502 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise 71. 42 U.S. Code § 238n, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/238n (accessed March 17, 2023). 72. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, “Early Childhood Health,” last reviewed October 2022, https://mchb.hrsa.gov/programs-impact/focus-areas/early- childhood-health (accessed March 17, 2023). 73. American Pregnancy Association, “Having a Doula—What Are the Benefits?” https://americanpregnancy. org/healthy-pregnancy/labor-and-birth/having-a-doula/#:~:text=Other%20studies%20have%20shown%20 that%20having%20a%20doula,massage%20to%20reduce%20stress%20and%20anxiety%20during%20labor (accessed March 17, 2023). 74. S. 2372, VA MISSION [Maintaining Internal Systems and Strengthening Integrated Outside Networks] Act of 2018, Public Law No. 115-182, 115th Congress, June 6, 2018, https://www.congress.gov/115/plaws/publ182/ PLAW-115publ182.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 75. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “Securing Updated and Necessary Statutory Evaluations Timely,” Final Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 86, No. 11 (January 19, 2021), pp. 5694–5764, https://www.govinfo. gov/content/pkg/FR-2021-01-19/pdf/2021-00597.pdf (accessed March 22, 2023). 76. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Secretary, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, “Compliance with Statutory Program Integrity Requirements,” Final Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 84, No. 42 (March 4, 2029), pp. 7714–7791, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2019-03-04/pdf/2019-03461.pdf (accessed March 18, 2023). 77. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Secretary, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, “Ensuring Access to Equitable, Affordable, Client-Centered, Quality Family Planning Services,” Final Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 86, No. 192 (October 7, 2021), pp. 56144–56180, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/ pkg/FR-2021-10-07/pdf/2021-21542.pdf (accessed March 18, 2023). 78. S. 624, Title X Abortion Provider Prohibition Act, 118th Congress, introduced March 2, 2023, https://www. congress.gov/118/bills/s624/BILLS-118s624is.pdf (accessed March 18, 2023). 79. 50 U.S. Code Chapter 55, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/50/chapter-55 (accessed March 22, 2023). 80. 18 U.S. Code § 13, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/13 (accessed March 18, 2023). 81. Bowen v. American Hospital Association, 476 U.S. 610 (1986), https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/ usrep/usrep476/usrep476610/usrep476610.pdf (accessed 22, 2023). 82. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Secretary, “Notification of Interpretation and Enforcement of Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972,” Federal Register, Vol. 86, No. 99 (May 25, 2021), pp. 27984–27985, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR- 2021-05-25/pdf/2021-10477.pdf (accessed March 18, 2023). 83. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights, “HHS Notice and Guidance on Gender Affirming Care, Civil Rights, and Patient Privacy,” March 2, 2022, https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/hhs- ocr-notice-and-guidance-gender-affirming-care.pdf (accessed March 18, 2023). 84. Heckler v. Chaney, 420 U.S. 821 (1985), https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/470/821.html (accessed March 18, 2022). 85. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights, “Guidance to Nation’s Retail Pharmacies: Obligations Under Federal Civil Rights Laws to Ensure Access to Comprehensive Reproductive Health Care Services,” content last reviewed July 14, 2022, https://www.hhs.gov/civil-rights/for-individuals/ special-topics/reproductive-healthcare/pharmacies-guidance/index.html (accessed March 18, 2023). 86. H.R. 3103, “Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, Public Law No. 104-191, 104th Congress, August 21, 1996, https://www.congress.gov/104/plaws/publ191/PLAW-104publ191.pdf (accessed March 18, 2023). 87. U.S. Department of Human Services, “HIPAA Privacy Rule and Disclosures of Information Relating to Reproductive Health Care,” content last reviewed June 29, 2022, (accessed March 18, 2023). See also “Protecting the Privacy and Security of Your Health Information When Using Your Personal Cell Phone or Tablet,” content last reviewed June 29, 2022, https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/guidance/ cell-phone-hipaa/index.html (accessed March 18, 2023).

Department of Health and Human Services

Weak

Vector: 65%

Pages: 515-517AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill focuses on reauthorizing a training program for healthcare and social service workers to support vulnerable populations, while the Project 2025 policy emphasizes revising caregiver strategies, telehealth licensure, contraceptive mandate exemptions, and women's preventive services rulemaking—topics not directly addressed in the bill."

Key themes:healthcare trainingvulnerable populationsDepartment of Health and Human Services

— 483 — Department of Health and Human Services l Readdress the National Strategy to Support Family Caregivers. While in theory the strategy aims to support family members with duties to care for older family members, the plan is overly focused on racial and “LGBTQ+ equity.” The strategy should be examined to establish an efficient plan to support caregivers and their families. There should also be a review of its COVID-19 policies. HEALTH RESOURCES AND SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (HRSA) l Congress should allow CMS to use the 340B data that HRSA collects rather than having CMS conduct its own survey, especially in view of the U.S. Supreme Court’s American Hospital Association v. Becerra decision.69 The legislation should also create penalties for those who do not respond to HRSA’s data collection. l Legally define the locus of service as where the provider is located during the telehealth visit rather than where the patient is. With such a definition, states could continue to reserve their powers to establish the standards for licensure and scope of practice. The providers could ensure continuity and consistency of care no matter where their patients might move while maintaining the licenses that make the most sense for them. Americans are far more mobile and technologically advanced today than they were when most health care laws were written. Telehealth has become increasingly important, particularly during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also has great potential in rural and other areas where there are shortages of health care providers. HRSA’s Office for the Advancement of Telehealth includes a program known as the Licensure Portability Grant Program, which bolsters state efforts to reform licensing laws to maximize telehealth flexibility. HRSA does not have the authority through this office to dictate licensure laws; that power has typically been reserved to the states. However, telehealth across state lines, when permitted, is interstate commerce, which can be regulated by the federal government according to the Constitution. l Restore Trump religious and moral exemptions to the contraceptive mandate (also a CMS rule). HHS should rescind, if finalized, the regulation titled “Coverage of Certain Preventive Services Under the Affordable Care Act,” proposed jointly by HHS, Treasury, and Labor.70 This rule proposes to amend Trump-era final rules regarding religious and moral exemptions and accommodations for coverage of certain preventive services under the ACA. Preventive services include contraception, and — 484 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise it appears the proposed rule would change the existing regulations for religious and moral exemptions to the ACA’s contraception mandate. There is no need for further rulemaking that curtails existing exemptions and accommodations. l Require HRSA to use rulemaking to update the women’s preventive services mandate. The contraceptive mandate issued under Obamacare has been the source of years of egregious attacks on many Americans’ religious and moral beliefs. The mandate was issued as part of the women’s preventive services guidelines, which were issued without any rulemaking that involved public notice and an opportunity to comment. Instead, HRSA issued and changed the mandate by simply posting changes to its website. HRSA also started off not requiring coverage of fertility awareness–based methods of family planning, then requiring them, and then removing the requirement without notifying the public. A federal judge recently ruled that this failure to undergo notice and comment in issuing the mandate is unlawful. HRSA should be required to repromulgate any women’s preventive services mandates through the notice and comment process that is compliant with the Administrative Procedures Act. Moreover, since the Obama Administration HRSA entered into long- term contracts with the pro-abortion American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and related entities to serve as an exclusive adviser with respect to the content of this mandate, HRSA has used this arrangement to ignore comments that members of the public were sometimes able to submit in the process, and ACOG has abused its position to attack HHS’s allowance of religious and moral exemptions to the contraceptive mandate. HHS should rescind these contracts and establish an advisory committee that is compliant with the Federal Advisory Committee Act and has members that are committed to women’s preventive services and are not pro-abortion ideologues. l Expand inclusion of fertility awareness–based methods and supplies to family planning in the women’s preventive services mandate. The ACA requires coverage of and prevents insurance plans from imposing any cost-sharing requirements on women who obtain preventive care and screenings as defined by HRSA. In 2016, HHS included “instruction in fertility awareness-based methods” as part of this requirement. However, in December 2021, HHS removed that language from its list without using the notice-and-comment process or giving any rationale, both of which are mandated by the Administrative Procedures Act. In August

Department of Health and Human Services

Weak

Vector: 62%

Pages: 524-526AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 1669 focuses on reauthorizing training for healthcare and social service providers to recognize and respond to trauma and abuse among vulnerable populations, whereas the Project 2025 HHS section centers on abortion research, gender-affirming care restrictions, Title X reform, and ASPR/FEMA emergency response structures. The two share only a broad public health context with little substantive policy overlap."

Key themes:healthcare trainingvulnerable populationspublic health

— 491 — Department of Health and Human Services in the Office of Science and Medicine to drive investigative review of literature for a variety of issues including the effect of abortion on prematurity and breast cancer; lack of evidence for so-called gender-affirming care; and physical and emotional damage following cross-sex treatments, especially on children. The OASH should withdraw all recommendations of and support for cross-sex medical interventions and “gender-affirming care.” Title X. The Title X family planning program should be reframed with a focus on better education around fertility awareness and holistic family planning and a Deputy Assistant Secretary for Population Affairs that understands the program and is able to work within its legislative framework (ideally, an MD). In addition, the Office of Population Affairs should eliminate religious discrimination in grant selections and guarantee the right of conscience and religious freedom of health care workers and participants in the Title X program. In 2021, HHS reversed a Trump Administration regulation that required grant- ees to maintain strict physical and financial separation between Title X activity and abortion-related activity.76 Under the Biden Administration’s regulation,77 Title X activity can be conducted alongside abortion activity without strict physical and financial separation. The regulation also requires grantees to refer for abortions despite sincere moral or religious objections. This effectively bans otherwise qual- ified pro-life grantees from participating in the program. HHS should rescind the Biden Administration’s regulation and reinstate the Trump Administration regulation for the program. It should also do this quickly (the Biden Administration completed its regulatory process and issued a final rule in less than nine months) and expand the potential grantee population beyond abortion providers like Planned Parenthood. Congress should complement these efforts by passing legislation such as the Title X Abortion Provider Prohibition Act,78 which would prohibit family planning grants from going to entities that perform abortions or provide funding to other entities that perform abortions. This would help to protect the integrity of the Title X program even under an abortion-friendly Administration. ADMINISTRATION FOR STRATEGIC PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE (ASPR) ASPR vs. FEMA. When the President declares a national emergency (per the Stafford Act) related to a public health emergency declared by the HHS Secretary, FEMA is activated and controls instead of HHS/ASPR. While this arrangement has some benefits because of FEMA’s unique logistical capabilities, the arrange- ment should be reviewed—especially considering the COVID-19 pandemic—for improvements in efficiency according to expertise and available resources, reduced confusion for ASPR and among HHS agencies, and avoidance of duplicated efforts among agencies and personnel.

Small Business Administration

Weak

Vector: 62%

Pages: 795-797AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill focuses on reauthorizing a health‑training program for vulnerable populations, while the Project 2025 excerpt concerns Small Business Administration policies, loan programs, and regulatory reform. There is only a tangential connection through the general idea of federal program reauthorization and workforce development."

Key themes:federal program reauthorizationworkforce developmentgrant funding

— 763 — Small Business Administration 40. U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Inspector General, Top Management and Performance Challenges Facing the Small Business Administration in Fiscal Year 2023, p. iv. 41. H.R. 748, CARES (Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security) Act, Public Law No. 116-136, 116th Congress, March 27, 2020, https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ136/PLAW-116publ136.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). 42. Sarah McCammon, “Planned Parenthood Asked to Return Funds from Paycheck Protection Program,” NPR, May 21, 2020, https://www.npr.org/2020/05/21/859991359/planned-parenthood-asked-to-return-funds- from-paycheck-protection-program (accessed February 18, 2023). 43. Letter from William Manger, Associate Administrator, U.S. Small Business Administration, to Laura Meyers, Planned Parenthood of Metropolitan Washington, “Re: Notice of Investigation and Request for Records,” May 19, 2020, https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/6922122/SBA-Letter-Planned-Parenthood-DC.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 44. Press release, “Lankford, HSGAC Republicans Demand Details on Illegal PPP Loans to Planned Parenthood Affiliates,” Office of U.S. Senator James Lankford, April 28, 2022, https://www.lankford.senate.gov/news/press- releases/lankford-hsgac-republicans-demand-details-on-illegal-ppp-loans-to-planned-parenthood-affiliates (accessed February 18, 2023). 45. Press release, “Romney, Colleagues Request Information from SBA Administrator Guzman on Illegal PPP Loans Given to Planned Parenthood Affiliates,” Office of U.S. Senator Mitt Romney, April 28, 2022, https:// www.romney.senate.gov/romney-colleagues-request-information-from-sba-administrator-guzman-on- illegal-ppp-loans-given-to-planned-parenthood-affiliates/ (accessed February 18, 2023). 46. 13 C.F.R. §§ 109.400(b)(11), https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/13/109.400; 123.301(g), https://www.law. cornell.edu/cfr/text/13/123.301; 123.502(n), https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/13/123.502; and 123.702(b)(6), https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/13/123.702 (all accessed February 19, 2023). 47. U.S. Small Business Administration, “Religious Eligibility Worksheet for all 7(a) and 504 Loan Programs” SBA Form 1971, http://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/2020-11/sba-form-1971.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 48. U.S. Small Business Administration, “Ensuring Equal Treatment for Faith-Based Organizations in SBA’s Loan and Disaster Assistance Program.” 49. See, for example, Carson v. Makin, 596 U.S. ___ (2022), https://www.supremecourt.gov/ opinions/21pdf/20-1088_dbfi.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). 50. 28 U.S. Code § 530d, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/530D (accessed February 19, 2023). 51. U.S. Small Business Administration, “Ensuring Equal Treatment for Faith-Based Organizations in SBA’s Loan and Disaster Assistance Program.” 52. 13 CFR 120.110(k), https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/13/120.110 (accessed February 19, 2023). 53. U.S. Small Business Administration, “Regulatory Reform Initiative: Streamlining and Modernizing the 7(a), Microloan, and 504 Loan Programs to Reduce Regulatory Burden,” Final Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 87, No. 125 (June 30, 2022), pp. 38900–38910, https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/06/30/2022-13483/ regulatory-reform-initiative-streamlining-and-modernizing-the-7a-microloan-and-504-loan-programs-to (accessed February 18, 2023). 54. Ibid. 55. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Legal Counsel “Religious Restrictions on Capital Financing for Historically Black Colleges and Universities,” Memorandum Opinion for the Acting General Counsel, Department of Education, August 15, 2019, https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opinions/ attachments/2021/01/01/2019-08-15-hbcu-capfin-2.pdf. (accessed February 18, 2023). 56. U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Investment and Innovation, SBIR and STTR Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2019, p. 8, https://www.sbir.gov/sites/default/files/SBA_Final_FY19_SBIR_STTR_Annual_Report.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 57. S. 4900, SBIR and STTR Extension Act of 2022, Public Law No. 117–183, 117th Congress, September 30, 2022, https://www.congress.gov/117/plaws/publ183/PLAW-117publ183.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 58. U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Investment and Innovation, SBIR and STTR Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2019, pp. 6, 40, and 108. — 764 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise 59. Peter L. Singer, “Federally Supported Innovations: 22 Examples of Major Technology Advances that Stem from Federal Support,” Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, February 2014, https://wrnjradio.com/ bipartisan-call-to-crack-down-on-covid-19-ppp-eidl-fraud-prosecute-fraudsters-to-the-fullest-extent-of-the- law/ (accessed March 21, 2023). 60. Wells King, “Uncle Sam’s Top-Performing Venture Fund,” American Compass Case Study, November 2022, https://americancompass.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/AC-Case-Study_SBIR_final2.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 61. Elisabeth B. Reynolds, Hiram M. Samel, and Joyce Lawrence, “Learning by Building: Complementary Assets and the Migration of Capabilities in U.S. Innovative Firms,” MIT Industrial Performance Center Working Paper No. MIT-IPC-13-001, March 2013, https://ipc.mit.edu/sites/default/files/2019-01/13-001.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 62. American Compass, “Where’s The Growth? Assessing the Results of the Globalization Experiment,” March 2022, pp. 3–5, https://americancompass.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/AC-Atlas-Wheres-the-Growth.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 63. Sridhar Kota and Tom Mahoney, “Innovation Should Be Made in the U.S.A.,” The Wall Street Journal, November 15, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/innovation-should-be-made-in-the-u-s-a-11573833987 (accessed February 18, 2023). 64. S. ___, SBA Reauthorization and Improvement Act of 2019, 116th Congress, 1st Session, Title III, § 303, https://www.rubio.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/80533629-2905-433f-a588-7c4e032f7347/ C096ED9C1EBA68E041CFDA143E01C66C.mir19891.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 65. David Adler, “Financing Advanced Manufacturing: Why VCs Aren’t the Answer,” American Affairs, Vol. III, No. 2 (Summer 2019), https://americanaffairsjournal.org/2019/05/financing-advanced-manufacturing-why-vcs- arent-the-answer/ (accessed February 18, 2023). 66. 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Policy matches are calculated using a hybrid approach: initial candidates are found using semantic similarity between bill summaries and Project 2025 policy text, then an AI model (Llama 3.1 70B) provides detailed alignment ratings and analysis. Ratings range from 1 (minimal alignment) to 5 (very strong alignment). This analysis does not imply direct causation or intent.

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