Relating to a national emergency by the President on April 2, 2025.

Download PDF
Bill ID: 119/hjres/91
Last Updated: October 8, 2025

Sponsored by

Rep. Meeks, Gregory W. [D-NY-5]

ID: M001137

Follow the money

The bill

Relating to a national emergency by the President on April 2, 2025.

HJRES. 91, 119th Congress.

The sponsor

Rep. Meeks, Gregory W. [D-NY-5]

Every bill has someone who introduced it. That name is where the paper trail starts.

The money

$80,100 raised

23 itemised contributions to this sponsor, pulled from FEC filings.

The alignment

95% match to Project 2025

This bill's text tracks the "Department of Education" section, p. 356-358 of the Mandate for Leadership.

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (CR H1529)

April 8, 2025

Introduced

📍 Current Status

Next: The bill will be reviewed by relevant committees who will debate, amend, and vote on it.

🏛️

Committee Review

🗳️

Floor Action

✅

Passed House

🏛️

Senate Review

🎉

Passed Congress

🖊️

Presidential Action

⚖️

Became Law

📚 How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

Another masterpiece of legislative theater, courtesy of the esteemed members of Congress. Let's dissect this farce, shall we?

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The main purpose of HJRES 91 is to pretend that Congress is actually doing something about the President's abuse of executive power. The objective? To terminate a national emergency declared by the President on April 2, 2025, because, you know, emergencies are so last season.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill is a whopping two sentences long. I'm sure it took the collective genius of the sponsors hours to craft such a masterpiece. The "key provision" is that Congress is using its authority under the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622) to terminate the national emergency declared by the President. Wow, what a bold move! It's not like they're just going through the motions or anything.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The affected parties are, of course, the President and his ego. The stakeholders? Well, that would be the voters who actually believe this bill will accomplish something meaningful. Ha! Let me put on my surprised face.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** The potential impact is zero. Zilch. Nada. This bill is a symbolic gesture, a Potemkin village of legislative action. It's a way for Congress to pretend they're doing their job while actually doing nothing. The implications? Well, it implies that Congress is more interested in grandstanding than actual governance.

Diagnosis: **Acute Case of Legislative Theateritis**

Symptoms:

* Grandiose language * Lack of substance * Overemphasis on symbolism over action * Complete disregard for the intelligence of voters

Treatment: **Administer a healthy dose of skepticism and contempt**. Repeat as necessary until Congress actually starts doing its job.

Prognosis: **Poor**. This bill will likely die in committee, or if it does pass, it'll be vetoed by the President. But hey, at least we got to watch the kabuki theater performance.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (Dr. Haus personality)

💰 Campaign Finance Network

Rep. Meeks, Gregory W. [D-NY-5]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions
$80,100
21 donors
PACs
$0
Organizations
$9,100
Committees
$0
Individuals
$71,000

No PAC contributions found

1
AK-CHIN INDIAN COMMUNITY
2 transactions
$5,800
2
AGUA CALIENTE BAN OF CAHUILLA INDIANS
1 transaction
$3,300

No committee contributions found

1
CROWN, LESTER
1 transaction
$6,600
2
ARMSTRONG, BRIAN
2 transactions
$6,600
3
LIPPMAN, MARIE C.
1 transaction
$5,000
4
CUKIERMAN, JORAM
1 transaction
$3,300
5
SILVERMAN, DOUG
1 transaction
$3,300
6
SHAMAH, ALAN
1 transaction
$3,300
7
SHAMAH, JOSEPH
1 transaction
$3,300
8
FRIEDMAN, AVI
1 transaction
$3,300
9
HARMALA, ROBERT
1 transaction
$3,300
10
MINSKOFF, EDWARD J.
1 transaction
$3,300
11
POLLACK, BRUCE
1 transaction
$3,300
12
FOOKSMAN, EUGENE
1 transaction
$3,300
13
TISCH, JONATHAN
1 transaction
$3,300
14
ZEEV, OREN
1 transaction
$3,300
15
PITTMAN, ALVIN L.
1 transaction
$3,300
16
RADOW, LINDA
1 transaction
$3,300
17
RADOW, NORMAN
1 transaction
$3,300
18
WEINBERG, DEBRA
1 transaction
$3,300
19
RUSH, STEPHEN
1 transaction
$3,300

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 10 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Rep. Neal, Richard E. [D-MA-1]

ID: N000015

Top Contributors

10

1
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$3,300
Apr 30, 2024
2
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$3,300
Jun 5, 2023
3
CHOCTAW NATION OF OKLAHOMA
OrganizationDURANT, OK
$1,000
Oct 14, 2024
4
CHOCKTAW NATION OF OKLAHOMA
OrganizationDURANT, OK
$825
Sep 30, 2023
5
GRINSPOON, HAROLD
HAROLD GRINSPOON FOUNDATION • FOUNDER
IndividualWEST SPRINGFIELD, MA
$6,200
Jul 31, 2024
6
BICKWIT, LEONARD JR.
MILLER & CHEVALIER • ATTORNEY
IndividualWASHINGTON, DC
$5,000
Sep 30, 2024
7
WINN, KAREN
SELF • AUTHOR
IndividualBOSTON, MA
$3,300
Nov 5, 2024
8
WALTERS, ROBERT
ROCKET MORTGAGE • CEO
IndividualBIRMINGHAM, MI
$3,300
Mar 30, 2023
9
DEPOALO, RON
FIDELITY INVESTMENTS • EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT
IndividualBOSTON, MA
$3,300
Sep 23, 2023
10
FRENCH GATES, MELINDA
PIVOTAL VENTURES • FOUNDER
IndividualREDMOND, WA
$3,300
Dec 5, 2023

Rep. Larsen, Rick [D-WA-2]

ID: L000560

Top Contributors

10

1
SWINOMISH INDIAN TRIBAL COMMUNITY
OrganizationLA CONNER, WA
$3,300
Dec 28, 2023
2
SWINOMISH INDIAN TRIBAL COMMUNITY
OrganizationLA CONNER, WA
$3,300
Dec 28, 2023
3
THE TULALIP TRIBES OF WASHINGTON
OrganizationTULALIP, WA
$3,300
May 5, 2023
4
CHOCTAW NATION OF OKLAHOMA
OrganizationDURANT, OK
$3,300
Apr 26, 2024
5
LUMMI INDIAN BUSINESS COUNCIL
OrganizationBELLINGHAM, WA
$3,300
May 8, 2024
6
PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS
OrganizationTACOMA, WA
$3,300
Jun 30, 2024
7
THE TULALIP TRIBES OF WASHINGTON
OrganizationTULALIP, WA
$3,300
Jun 26, 2024
8
THE JAMESTOWN S'KLALLAM TRIBE
OrganizationSEQUIM, WA
$3,300
Oct 24, 2024
9
PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS
OrganizationTACOMA, WA
$2,900
May 19, 2023
10
THE CHICKASAW NATION
OrganizationADA, OK
$2,000
Jun 14, 2024

Rep. DelBene, Suzan K. [D-WA-1]

ID: D000617

Top Contributors

10

1
JAMESTOWN S'KLALLAM TRIBE
OrganizationSEQUIM, WA
$6,600
Mar 31, 2023
2
LUMMI INDIAN NATION
OrganizationBELLINGHAM, WA
$5,000
Jul 17, 2024
3
PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS
OrganizationTACOMA, WA
$3,700
Jun 28, 2024
4
SNOQUALMIE TRIBE
OrganizationSNOQUALMIE, WA
$3,300
Nov 2, 2023
5
JAMESTOWN S'KLALLAM TRIBE
OrganizationSEQUIM, WA
$3,300
Mar 31, 2023
6
MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE
OrganizationAUBURN, WA
$3,300
Jun 1, 2023
7
THE TULALIP TRIBES OF WASHINGTON
OrganizationTULALIP, WA
$3,300
Jun 30, 2023
8
PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS
OrganizationTACOMA, WA
$3,300
Jun 28, 2024
9
THE TULALIP TRIBES OF WASHINGTON
OrganizationTULALIP, WA
$3,300
Jun 20, 2024
10
MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE
OrganizationAUBURN, WA
$3,300
Aug 13, 2024

Rep. Castro, Joaquin [D-TX-20]

ID: C001091

Top Contributors

10

1
CHEROKEE NATION OF OKLAHOMA
OrganizationTAHLEQUAH, OK
$1,000
Dec 13, 2023
2
ALABAMA COUSHATTA TRIBE
OrganizationWOODVILLE, TX
$1,000
Sep 26, 2024
3
QUINONES, KARLA
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualSAN ANTONIO, TX
$5,000
Sep 30, 2024
4
SNEIDER, ARTURO
PRIMESTOR DEVELOPMENT INC. • REAL ESTATE
IndividualCULVER CITY, CA
$3,300
Oct 23, 2024
5
RAMIREZ, DANIEL N.
MONTY & RAMIREZ • ATTORNEY
IndividualHOUSTON, TX
$3,300
Jan 11, 2024
6
PARKER, ALEXANDRA
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualPALO ALTO, CA
$3,300
Mar 22, 2024
7
PARKER, ALEXANDRA
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualPALO ALTO, CA
$3,300
Mar 22, 2024
8
PARKER, SEAN
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualPALO ALTO, CA
$3,300
Mar 22, 2024
9
PARKER, SEAN
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualPALO ALTO, CA
$3,300
Mar 22, 2024
10
SILBEY, ALEX
ATS COMMUNICATIONS • CONSULTANT
IndividualWASHINGTON, DC
$3,300
Mar 29, 2024

Rep. Stanton, Greg [D-AZ-4]

ID: S001211

Top Contributors

10

1
AK-CHIN INDIAN COMMUNITY
OrganizationMARICOPA, AZ
$3,300
Mar 29, 2023
2
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
OrganizationROHNERT PARK, CA
$3,300
May 31, 2023
3
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
OrganizationROHNERT PARK, CA
$3,300
May 31, 2023
4
GILA RIVER INDIAN COMMUNITY
OrganizationSACATON, AZ
$3,300
Oct 16, 2024
5
TOONO 0'ODHAM NATION
OrganizationSELLS, AZ
$3,300
Oct 22, 2024
6
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationBANNING, CA
$2,000
Sep 25, 2023
7
SALT RIVER PIMA MARICOPA INDIAN COMMUNITY
OrganizationSCOTTSDALE, AZ
$2,000
Jul 31, 2023
8
SALT RIVER PIMA MARICOPA INDIAN COMMUNITY
OrganizationSCOTTSDALE, AZ
$1,700
May 29, 2024
9
BARONA BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationLAKESIDE, CA
$1,500
May 19, 2023
10
ONEIDA NATION
OrganizationONEIDA, WI
$1,000
Jul 31, 2023

Rep. Keating, William R. [D-MA-9]

ID: K000375

Top Contributors

10

1
EPPERLY, MATTHEW THOMAS
CHARTWELL STRATEGY GROUP • MANAGING DIRECTOR
IndividualBETHESDA, MD
$3,300
Mar 30, 2023
2
WORLEY, RICHARD
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualEDGARTOWN, MA
$3,300
Feb 19, 2024
3
MCCANN, WILLIAM J.
STRATEGIC MARKETING INNOVATIONS • CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER
IndividualARLINGTON, VA
$3,300
May 10, 2023
4
FISH, JOHN F.
SUFFOLK CONSTRUCTION • CEO
IndividualBOSTON, MA
$3,300
Jun 28, 2024
5
MCCARTNEY, CHRISTINE B.
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualOSTERVILLE, MA
$3,300
Jun 6, 2024
6
MCCLENNEN, JAMES C.
WEQUASSETT RESORT AND GOLF CLUB • PARTNER
IndividualHARWICH, MA
$3,300
Aug 12, 2024
7
ABRAHAM, ANDREW
KECHES • LAWYER
IndividualMILTON, MA
$3,300
Sep 26, 2023
8
FLAHERTY, SEAN C.
KECHES LAW GROUP • ATTORNEY
IndividualBRIDGEWATER, MA
$3,300
Sep 26, 2023
9
GREEN, LAWRENCE ALAN
RENTALS UNLIMITED • CEO
IndividualNANTUCKET, MA
$3,300
Jul 24, 2023
10
LEITER, DAVID J.
PLURUS STRATEGIES LLC • CONSULTANT
IndividualWASHINGTON, DC
$3,300
Sep 28, 2023

Rep. Connolly, Gerald E. [D-VA-11]

ID: C001078

Top Contributors

10

1
FOR SENATE, MARSDEN
MARSDEN FOR SENATE COMMITTEE • SENATOR
COMBURKE, VA
$250
Mar 19, 2024
2
HUNTON ANDREWS KURTH LLP
OrganizationRICHMOND, VA
$2,900
Jun 22, 2023
3
HERSHMAN, MICHAEL J.
THE FAIRFAX GROUP • PRESIDENT
IndividualDELRAY BEACH, FL
$3,300
Dec 24, 2024
4
TRONE, DAVID
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES • REPRESENTATIVE
IndividualPOTOMAC, MD
$3,300
Dec 9, 2024
5
MISENER, PAUL E
SELF-EMPLOYED • LAWYER
IndividualGREAT FALLS, VA
$3,300
Sep 21, 2023
6
PUNARO, ARNOLD
PUNARO GROUP • CONSULTANT
IndividualMCLEAN, VA
$3,300
Jul 25, 2023
7
PUNARO, ARNOLD
PUNARO GROUP • CONSULTANT
IndividualMCLEAN, VA
$3,300
Jul 25, 2023
8
PUNARO, JULIA
RETIRED • NONE
IndividualMCLEAN, VA
$3,300
Jul 25, 2023
9
PUNARO, JULIA
RETIRED • NONE
IndividualMCLEAN, VA
$3,300
Jul 25, 2023
10
RABAUT, TOM W
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualGREAT FALLS, VA
$3,300
Sep 27, 2023

Rep. Beyer, Donald S. [D-VA-8]

ID: B001292

Top Contributors

10

1
TUNICA-BILOXI TRIBE OF LA
OrganizationMARKSVILLE, LA
$3,300
Nov 10, 2023
2
TUNICA-BILOXI TRIBE OF LA
OrganizationMARKSVILLE, LA
$1,700
Nov 10, 2023
3
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,650
Mar 26, 2024
4
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,650
Jun 7, 2023
5
CAFRITZ, JANE
CALVIN CAFRITZ ENTERPRISES • MANAGER
IndividualWASHINGTON, DC
$3,300
Oct 2, 2024
6
HIRST, THOMSON M
N/A • RETIRED
IndividualALEXANDRIA, VA
$3,300
Oct 11, 2024
7
MURTAGH, PAUL
PRECISION X-RAY INC. • BUSINESS OWNER
IndividualALEXANDRIA, VA
$3,300
Oct 5, 2024
8
TOMPKINS, GRAVES
GENERAL ATLANTIC • FINANCE
IndividualBROOKLYN HGTS, NY
$3,300
Sep 29, 2024
9
MALLOY, GEOFFREY
MALLOY AUTO GROUP • PRESIDENT
IndividualMCLEAN, VA
$3,300
Jul 10, 2024
10
ARNOLD, LAURA
ARNOLD VENTURES • CO-FOUNDER
IndividualHOUSTON, TX
$3,300
Aug 16, 2024

Rep. Sherrill, Mikie [D-NJ-11]

ID: S001207

Top Contributors

10

1
SANZONE, MICHAEL
HSBC BANK • BANKER
IndividualGLEN RIDGE, NJ
$3,300
Nov 4, 2024
2
ST. ROMAIN, CLAUDETTE L.
SETON HALL UNIVERSITY • PROFESSOR
IndividualCHATHAM, NJ
$3,300
Oct 23, 2024
3
LUSTBERG, LAWRENCE S.
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualCHATHAM, NJ
$3,300
Oct 23, 2024
4
SLATER, FREDRIC
LRF SLATER COMPANIES, INC. • PRESIDENT
IndividualLIVINGSTON, NJ
$3,300
Oct 28, 2024
5
ST. ROMAIN, CLAUDETTE L.
SETON HALL UNIVERSITY • PROFESSOR
IndividualCHATHAM, NJ
$3,300
Oct 23, 2024
6
JOY, MARTHA
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualENGLEWOOD, FL
$3,300
Nov 3, 2024
7
CONNORS, SUSAN
NAGEL RICE, LLP • ATTORNEY
IndividualCHATHAM, NJ
$3,300
Oct 23, 2024
8
MILLER, VALERIE
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualBROOKLYN, NY
$3,300
Oct 27, 2024
9
MILLER, JOSHUA
THE BROWSER COMPANY OF NEW YORK • CEO
IndividualBROOKLYN, NY
$3,300
Oct 27, 2024
10
MINDICH, ERIC
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Nov 20, 2024

Rep. Casten, Sean [D-IL-6]

ID: C001117

Top Contributors

10

1
OTOE MISSOURIA TRIBE OF OKLAHOMA
OrganizationRED ROCK, OK
$3,300
Feb 28, 2024
2
OTOE MISSOURIA TRIBE OF OKLAHOMA
OrganizationRED ROCK, OK
$3,300
Feb 28, 2024
3
TAMELING, GRETTA A.
N/A • RETIRED
IndividualWHEATON, IL
$3,500
Jul 9, 2024
4
HUANG, CAROLINE B
N/A • NOT-EMPLOYED
IndividualBELMONT, MA
$3,300
Oct 24, 2024
5
PRICE, RICHARD S
MESIROW FINANCIAL • EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN
IndividualHIGHLAND PARK, IL
$3,300
Oct 30, 2024
6
SIMON, DEBORAH
NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualCARMEL, IN
$3,300
Nov 7, 2024
7
ABDEY, JULIAN
CAPITAL GROUP. • FINANCE
IndividualHILLSBOROUGH, CA
$3,300
Oct 7, 2023
8
ANDREAE, CHRISTINE
SELF EMPLOYED • WRITER/ARTIST
IndividualBENTONVILLE, VA
$3,300
Oct 14, 2023
9
ANDREAE, ERICA
SELF-EMPLOYED • BUSINESS OWNER
IndividualINDIANAPOLIS, IN
$3,300
Dec 9, 2023
10
ANDREAE, MORGAN
CUMMINS • ENGINEER
IndividualINDIANAPOLIS, IN
$3,300
Dec 9, 2023

Donor Network - Rep. Meeks, Gregory W. [D-NY-5]

PACs
Organizations
Individuals
Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

Loading...

Showing 69 nodes and 38 connections (58 secondary connections hidden)

Total contributions: $129,800

Top Donors - Rep. Meeks, Gregory W. [D-NY-5]

Showing top 21 donors by contribution amount

2 Orgs19 Individuals

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document.AI-enhanced analysis provides detailed alignment ratings.

Department of Education

Very Strong
Vector: 59%
Pages: 356-358AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HJRES 91 directly enacts the Project 2025 principle that Congress should check executive overreach by terminating a presidential national emergency declaration, ensuring that such declarations do not persist without express congressional authorization."

Key themes:executive overreachcongressional authoritynational emergency terminationchecks and balancespolicy vs pen-and-phone

— 323 — Department of Education l Stopping executive overreach. Congress should set policy—not Presidents through pen-and-phone executive orders, and not agencies through regulations and guidance. National emergency declarations should expire absent express congressional authorization within 60 days after the date of the declaration. Bolstered by an ever-growing cabal of special interests that thrive off federal largesse, the infrastructure that supports America’s costly federal intervention in education from early childhood through graduate school has entrenched itself. But, unlike the public sector bureaucracies, public employee unions, and the higher education lobby, families and students do not need a Department of Education to learn, grow, and improve their lives. It is critical that the next Administration tackle this entrenched infrastructure. NEEDED REFORMS Federal intervention in education has failed to promote student achievement. After trillions spent since 1965 on the collective programs now housed within the walls of the department, student academic outcomes remain stagnant. On the main National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), reading out- comes on the 2022 administration have remained unchanged over the past 30 years. Declines in math performance are even more concerning than students’ lack of progress on reading outcomes. Fourth- and eighth-grade math scores saw the largest decline since the assessments were first administered in 1990. Average fourth-grade math scores declined five points, and average eighth-grade math scores declined eight points. Just one-third of eighth graders nationally are proficient in reading and math. Just 27 percent of eighth graders were pro- ficient in math in 2022, and just 31 percent of eighth graders scored proficient in reading in 2022. The NAEP Long-term Trend Assessment shows academic stagnation since the 1970s, with particular stagnation in the reading scores of 13-year-old students since 1971, when the assessment was first administered. Math scores, though modestly improved, are still lackluster. Additionally, the department has created a “shadow” department of education operating in states across the country. Federal mandates, programs, and proclama- tions have spurred a hiring spree among state education agencies, with more than 48,000 employees currently on staff in state agencies across the country. Those employees are more than 10 times the number of employees (4,400)10 at the federal Department of Education, and their jobs largely entail reporting back to Washing- ton. Research conducted by The Heritage Foundation’s Jonathan Butcher finds that the federal government funds 41 percent of the salary costs of state educa- tion agencies.11 — 324 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise CHART 1 Trends in Fourth- and Eighth-Grade Reading EIGHTH-GRADE READING, AVERAGE SCORES 270 265 263 260 260 255 1992 1994 1998 ’02’03 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022 FOURTH-GRADE READING, AVERAGE SCORES 225 220 220 217 215 210 1992 1994 1998 2000 ’02’03 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022 SOURCES: The Nation’s Report Card, “National Average Scores,” Grade 4, https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/ reading/nation/scores/?grade=4 (accessed March 17, 2023), and The Nation’s Report Card, “National Average Scores,” Grade 8, https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/reading/nation/scores/?grade=4 (accessed March 17, 2023). A heritage.org

White House Office

Strong
Vector: 60%
Pages: 75-77AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HJRES 91 aligns with Project 2025's goal of checking executive overreach by using congressional authority to terminate a presidential national emergency, thereby restoring balance between branches and limiting unilateral executive power—a core theme in the Project 2025 vision for executive branch reform."

Key themes:executive powercongressional oversightnational emergenciesseparation of powersexecutive branch accountability

— 42 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise ENDNOTES 1. U.S. Constitution, art. II, § 1, https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/article-2/ (accessed February 14, 2023). 2. U.S. Constitution, art. II, § 2. 3. U.S. Constitution, art. II, § 3. 4. U.S. Constitution, art. II, § 2. 5. See Chapter 2, “Executive Office of the President,” infra. 6. H.R. 4328, Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, Public Law No. 105- 277, 105th Congress, October 21, 1998, Division C, Title I, § 151, https://www.congress.gov/105/plaws/publ277/ PLAW-105publ277.pdf (accessed February 15, 2023). 7. S. 1871, An Act to Prevent Pernicious Political Activities, Public Law No. 76-252, 76th Congress, August 2, 1939, https://govtrackus.s3.amazonaws.com/legislink/pdf/stat/53/STATUTE-53-Pg1147.pdf (accessed March 7, 2023). 8. S. 758, National Security Act of 1947, Public Law No. 80-253, 80th Congress, July 26, 1947, https://govtrackus. s3.amazonaws.com/legislink/pdf/stat/61/STATUTE-61-Pg495.pdf (accessed February 15, 2023). “The National Security Council was established by the National Security Act of 1947 (PL 235 – 61 Stat. 496; U.S.C. 402), amended by the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 579; 50 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). Later in 1949, as part of the Reorganization Plan, the Council was placed in the Executive Office of the President.” The White House, “National Security Council,” https://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/ (accessed February 15, 2023). 9. See Chapter 2, “Executive Office of the President,” infra. 10. President William J. Clinton, Executive Order 12835, “Establishment of the National Economic Council,” January 25, 1993, in Federal Register, Vol. 58, No. 16 (January 27, 1993), pp. 6189–6190, https://www.govinfo. gov/content/pkg/FR-1993-01-27/pdf/FR-1993-01-27.pdf (accessed March 7, 2023). — 43 — 2 EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES Russ Vought In its opening words, Article II of the U.S. Constitution makes it abundantly clear that “[t]he executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America.”1 That enormous power is not vested in departments or agencies, in staff or administrative bodies, in nongovernmental organizations or other equities and interests close to the government. The President must set and enforce a plan for the executive branch. Sadly, however, a President today assumes office to find a sprawling federal bureaucracy that all too often is carrying out its own policy plans and preferences—or, worse yet, the policy plans and preferences of a radical, supposedly “woke” faction of the country. The modern conservative President’s task is to limit, control, and direct the executive branch on behalf of the American people. This challenge is created and exacerbated by factors like Congress’s decades-long tendency to delegate its lawmaking power to agency bureaucracies, the pervasive notion of expert “inde- pendence” that protects so-called expert authorities from scrutiny, the presumed inability to hold career civil servants accountable for their performance, and the increasing reality that many agencies are not only too big and powerful, but also increasingly weaponized against the public and a President who is elected by the people and empowered by the Constitution to govern. In Federalist No. 47, James Madison warned that “[t]he accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many, and whether hereditary, self-appointed, or elective, may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny.”2 Regrettably, that wise and cautionary note describes to a significant degree the modern executive branch, which—whether controlled

Executive Office of the President of the United States

Weak
Vector: 61%
Pages: 99-102AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HJRES 91 focuses on terminating a national emergency declaration to restore legislative-executive balance, while the Project 2025 excerpt emphasizes personnel management and central personnel agencies as tools for implementing presidential policy. There is no direct thematic overlap between emergency termination and bureaucratic personnel control."

Key themes:executive powergovernancecongressional oversight

— 67 — Executive Office of the President of the United States 33. H.R. 10230, National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976, Public Law No. 94-282, 94th Congress, May 11, 1976, https://www.congress.gov/94/statute/STATUTE-90/STATUTE-90-Pg459. pdf (accessed February 1, 2023). 34. H.R. 4346, CHIPS [Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors] and Science Act, Public Law No. 117-167, 117th Congress, August 9, 2022, https://www.congress.gov/117/plaws/publ167/PLAW-117publ167.pdf (accessed February 1, 2023). 35. S. 169, Global Change Research Act of 1990, Public Law No. 101-606, 101st Congress, November 16, 1990, https://www.congress.gov/101/statute/STATUTE-104/STATUTE-104-Pg3096.pdf (accessed February 1, 2023). 36. S. 1075, National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, Public Law No. 91-190, 91st Congress, January 1, 1970, https://uscode.house.gov/statutes/pl/91/190.pdf (accessed February 1, 2023). 37. Andrus v. Sierra Club, 442 U.S. 347, 358 (1979), https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/usrep/usrep442/ usrep442347/usrep442347.pdf (accessed March 7, 2023). 38. Title XLI (41) in H.R. 22, Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act), Public Law No. 114-94, 114th Congress, December 4, 2015, https://www.congress.gov/114/statute/STATUTE-129/STATUTE-129-Pg1312.pdf (accessed February 1, 2023). 39. President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13807, “Establishing Discipline and Accountability in the Environmental Review and Permitting Process for Infrastructure Projects,” August 15, 2017, in Federal Register, Vol. 82, No. 163 (August 24, 2017), pp. 40463–40469, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-08-24/ pdf/2017-18134.pdf (accessed February 1, 2023). 40. H.R. 5210, Anti-Drug Abuse of 1988, Public Law No. 100-690, 100th Congress, November 18, 1988, https://www. congress.gov/100/statute/STATUTE-102/STATUTE-102-Pg4181.pdf (accessed February 1, 2023). 41. President Joseph R. Biden Jr., Executive Order 14020, “Establishment of the White House Gender Policy Council,” March 8, 2021, in Federal Register, Vol. 86, No. 46 (March 11, 2021), pp. 13797–13801, https://www. govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2021-03-11/pdf/2021-05183.pdf (accessed January 31, 2023). 42. U.S. Constitution, Amendment XXV, https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/amendmentxxv (accessed March 9, 2023). 43. 50 U.S.C. § 3021(c)(1), https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/50/3021 (accessed March 9, 2023). 44. 20 U.S.C. § 20(a), https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/20/42#:~:text=The%20business%20of%20the%20 Institution%20shall%20be%20conducted,no%20two%20of%20them%20of%20the%20same%20State (accessed March 9, 2023). 45. Vice Presidents Gerald Ford and Lyndon Johnson assumed (Ford) or initially assumed (Johnson) the office of the presidency by a process of succession. — 69 — 3 CENTRAL PERSONNEL AGENCIES: MANAGING THE BUREAUCRACY Donald Devine, Dennis Dean Kirk, and Paul Dans OVERVIEW From the very first Mandate for Leadership, the “personnel is policy” theme has been the fundamental principle guiding the government’s personnel management. As the U.S. Constitution makes clear, the President’s appointment, direction, and removal author- ities are the central elements of his executive power.1 In implementing that power, the people and the President deserve the most talented and responsible workforce possible. Who the President assigns to design and implement his political policy agenda will determine whether he can carry out the responsibility given to him by the American people. The President must recognize that whoever holds a government position sets its policy. To fulfill an electoral mandate, he must therefore give per- sonnel management his highest priority, including Cabinet-level precedence. The federal government’s immense bureaucracy spreads into hundreds of agen- cies and thousands of units and is centered and overseen at the top by key central personnel agencies and their governing laws and regulations. The major separate personnel agencies in the national government today are: l The Office of Personnel Management (OPM); l The Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB); l The Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA); and l The Office of Special Counsel (OSC).

Showing 3 of 5 policy matches

About These Correlations

Policy matches are calculated using a hybrid approach: initial candidates are found using semantic similarity between bill summaries and Project 2025 policy text, then an AI model (Llama 3.1 70B) provides detailed alignment ratings and analysis. Ratings range from 1 (minimal alignment) to 5 (very strong alignment). This analysis does not imply direct causation or intent.

Full Policy Text

Related Bills