Proposing a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

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Bill ID: 119/hjres/10
Last Updated: December 10, 2025

Sponsored by

Rep. Nunn, Zachary [R-IA-3]

ID: N000193

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

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Latest Action

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

January 3, 2025

Introduced

Committee Review

📍 Current Status

Next: The bill moves to the floor for full chamber debate and voting.

🗳️

Floor Action

âś…

Passed House

🏛️

Senate Review

🎉

Passed Congress

🖊️

Presidential Action

⚖️

Became Law

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2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

(sigh) Oh joy, another "balanced budget amendment" to cure the terminal stupidity of our politicians. Let me put on my surgical gloves and dissect this farce.

First, the symptoms: a joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution that would supposedly balance the federal budget by requiring total outlays not to exceed total receipts for any fiscal year. How quaint. The sponsors think they're clever, but I see right through their transparent attempt to pander to voters who still believe in fairy tales.

Now, let's examine the "treatment" proposed:

* Total funding amounts and budget allocations: None specified, because this is just a feel-good resolution with no actual teeth. * Key programs and agencies receiving funds: Not applicable, since this isn't an appropriations bill. It's just a PR stunt to make politicians look fiscally responsible. * Notable increases or decreases from previous years: N/A, as there are no actual funding decisions made here. * Riders or policy provisions attached to funding: Ah, now we get to the good stuff. Section 5 allows Congress to waive the balanced budget requirement in times of war or military conflict, because who needs fiscal discipline when there's a war to be fought? And what constitutes an "imminent and serious military threat"? Whatever the politicians say it is, no doubt. * Fiscal impact and deficit implications: None, since this amendment won't actually change anything. It's just a symbolic gesture to appease voters who think they're getting something for nothing.

Diagnosis: This bill is suffering from Acute Politician-itis, characterized by an overwhelming urge to appear responsible while doing absolutely nothing to address the underlying problems of fiscal recklessness and special interest pandering.

Treatment: A healthy dose of skepticism and a strong stomach, because this is just another example of politicians treating voters like idiots. The real disease here is the corrupting influence of power and money in politics, which this bill does nothing to address.

Prognosis: This bill will likely die in committee or be watered down to the point of irrelevance, but its sponsors will still claim victory and tout their "fiscal responsibility" credentials to unsuspecting voters. Meanwhile, the national debt will continue to balloon, and we'll all just pretend that this amendment was a serious attempt at reform. (eyeroll)

Related Topics

Civil Rights & Liberties Transportation & Infrastructure National Security & Intelligence Congressional Rules & Procedures Criminal Justice & Law Enforcement Small Business & Entrepreneurship State & Local Government Affairs Government Operations & Accountability Federal Budget & Appropriations
Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (house personality)

đź’° Campaign Finance Network

Rep. Nunn, Zachary [R-IA-3]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions
$142,100
21 donors
PACs
$0
Organizations
$10,100
Committees
$0
Individuals
$132,000

No PAC contributions found

1
SAC & FOX TRIBE OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN IOWA
2 transactions
$3,500
2
OTOE MISSOURIA TRIBE OF OKLAHOMA
1 transaction
$3,300
3
TURTLE MOUNTAIN BAND OF CHIPPEWA OF ND
1 transaction
$3,300

No committee contributions found

1
SMITH, JOHN M.
2 transactions
$13,200
2
SILVERMAN, JEFFREY
2 transactions
$13,200
3
EMMET, RICHARD
1 transaction
$6,600
4
WEEKLEY, RICHARD W.
1 transaction
$6,600
5
STERN, ELIZABETH
1 transaction
$6,600
6
RASMUSSEN, CYNTHIA
1 transaction
$6,600
7
RASMUSSEN, STEPHEN
1 transaction
$6,600
8
BELTRAME, MARC
1 transaction
$6,600
9
BRUCH, TYLER
1 transaction
$6,600
10
DANIELS, RONALD L.
1 transaction
$6,600
11
MYERS, JAMES M.
1 transaction
$6,600
12
SCHWARZMAN, CHRISTINE
1 transaction
$6,600
13
GILLIAM, RICHARD
1 transaction
$6,600
14
SINGER, PAUL
1 transaction
$6,600
15
BRADLEY, JACQUELINE
1 transaction
$6,600
16
RICKETTS, J. JOE
1 transaction
$6,600
17
UNDERWOOD, RUSS
1 transaction
$6,600
18
JONES, NORMAN
1 transaction
$6,600

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 10 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Rep. Allen, Rick W. [R-GA-12]

ID: A000372

Top Contributors

10

1
DEMOCRACY ENGINE INC
PAC WASHINGTON, DC
$500
Jun 6, 2023
2
CHEVY CHASE ENERGY LLC
Organization HOUSTON, TX
$500
May 19, 2023
3
WARREN, C MARK
SELF • LAWYER
Organization CHATTANOOGA, TN
$1,500
Sep 25, 2024
4
ARMOUR, MARGARET
SELF • I GO TOKYO
Organization MCDONALD, TN
$1,000
Sep 14, 2024
5
BAGLEY, MELISSA
RETIRED • RETIRED
Organization ENGLEWOOD, TN
$1,000
Jul 21, 2024
6
GRIFFIN, JOHN
WARREN & GRIFFIN • ATTORNEY
Organization CHATTANOOGA, TN
$1,000
Oct 23, 2024
7
BRYAN, JOE
CITY OF CALHOIUN • CITY MANAGER
Organization CALHOUN, TN
$500
Aug 26, 2024
8
DAVIS, JUDITH
RETIRED • RETIRED
Organization ATHENS, TN
$500
Aug 22, 2024
9
MARTINEZ, CHERIE
RETIRED • RETIRED
Organization CHATTANOOGA, TN
$500
Sep 16, 2024
10
MICKLES, BRIAN
SELF • ATTORNEY
Organization CHATTANOOGA, TN
$500
Sep 22, 2024

Rep. Latta, Robert E. [R-OH-5]

ID: L000566

Top Contributors

10

1
HUNTON ANDREWS KURTH LLP
Organization RICHMOND, VA
$1,000
Mar 5, 2024
2
HUNTON ANDREWS KURTH LLP
Organization RICHMOND, VA
$1,000
Sep 18, 2023
3
WATKINS & EAGER PLLC
Organization JACKSON, MS
$1,000
Jun 25, 2024
4
SENECA COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY
Organization TIFFIN, OH
$1,000
Sep 30, 2024
5
BL PARTNERS GROUP LLC
Organization ARLINGTON, VA
$500
Mar 31, 2024
6
CRAWFORD COUNTY CATTLEMEN'S ASSOCIATION
Organization MARYSVILLE, OH
$500
Mar 15, 2024
7
BL PARTNERS GROUP LLC
Organization ARLINGTON, VA
$500
Jun 18, 2023
8
MURPHY, JAMES
INVENERGY LLC • PRESIDENT
Individual BARRINGTON, IL
$3,300
Oct 20, 2024
9
TAYLOR, KENNETH
OHIO CAT • PRESIDENT/OWNER
Individual ROCKY RIVER, OH
$3,300
Nov 2, 2024
10
ERGEN, CANDY MRS.
DISH NETWORK • SR ADVISOR
Individual ENGLEWOOD, CO
$3,300
Dec 25, 2023

Rep. Zinke, Ryan K. [R-MT-1]

ID: Z000018

Top Contributors

10

1
PASCUA YAQUI TRIBE
Organization TUCSON, AZ
$3,300
Dec 31, 2023
2
PECHANGA BAND OF INDIANS
Organization TEMECULA, CA
$3,300
Feb 5, 2024
3
PECHANGA BAND OF INDIANS
Organization TEMECULA, CA
$3,300
Feb 5, 2024
4
THE TULALIP TRIBES OF WASHINGTON
Organization TULALIP, WA
$3,300
Jun 30, 2024
5
PALA BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
Organization PALA, CA
$2,500
Jun 6, 2023
6
CONFEDERATED SALISH AND KOOTENAI TRIBES OF THE FLATHEAD NATION
Organization PABLO, MT
$2,350
Mar 20, 2023
7
SANTA YNEZ BAND OF MISSION INDIAN TRIBE
Organization SANTA YNEZ, CA
$2,000
Oct 28, 2024
8
SHINGLE SPRINGS BAND MIWOK INDIANS
Organization PLACERVILLE, CA
$2,000
Jan 16, 2024
9
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
Organization BANNING, CA
$2,000
Mar 5, 2024
10
AK-CHIN INDIAN COMMUNITY
Organization MARICOPA, AZ
$2,000
Sep 30, 2024

Rep. Hill, J. French [R-AR-2]

ID: H001072

Top Contributors

10

1
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
Organization ROHNERT PARK, CA
$6,600
Aug 5, 2024
2
SAGINAW CHIPPEWA INDIAN TRIBE
Organization MT PLEASANT, MI
$3,300
Sep 29, 2023
3
POKAGON BAND OF POTAWATOMI INDIANS
Organization DOWAGIAC, MI
$3,300
Sep 29, 2023
4
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
Organization ROHNERT PARK, CA
$3,300
Aug 5, 2024
5
MATCH-E-BE-NASH-SHE-WISH BAND OF POTTAWATOMI INDIANS
Organization SHELBYVILLE, MI
$3,300
Oct 22, 2024
6
MATCH-E-BE-NASH-SHE-WISH BAND OF POTTAWATOMI INDIANS
Organization SHELBYVILLE, MI
$3,300
Dec 21, 2023
7
MASHANTUCKET PEQUOT TRIBE
Organization MASHANTUCKET, CT
$3,300
Dec 21, 2023
8
NOTTAWASEPPI HURON BAND OF THE POTAWATOMI
Organization FULTON, MI
$3,300
Mar 29, 2024
9
CHEROKEE NATION
Organization WASHINGTON, DC
$1,000
Sep 23, 2024
10
PEOPLE FOR BETTER GOVERNMENT COMMITTEE OF THE SAN MANUEL BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
Organization LOS ANGELES, CA
$1,000
Aug 22, 2024

Rep. Estes, Ron [R-KS-4]

ID: E000298

Top Contributors

10

1
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS TRIBAL OPERATIONS ACCOUNT
Organization BANNING, CA
$2,300
Feb 27, 2024
2
SANTA YNEZ BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
Organization SANTA YNEZ, CA
$1,500
Mar 15, 2024
3
SANTA YNEZ BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
Organization SANTA YNEZ, CA
$1,000
Jun 30, 2023
4
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS TRIBAL OPERATIONS ACCOUNT
Organization BANNING, CA
$1,000
Mar 31, 2023
5
WILLIS, THOMAS
CONESTOGA ENERGY PARTNERS • CEO
Individual LIBERAL, KS
$3,300
Nov 4, 2024
6
KLAUSMEYER, DON
KLAUSMEYER CONSTRUCTION • OWNER
Individual CLEARWATER, KS
$3,300
Jul 31, 2023
7
LEE, JAMES
LEE AEROSPACE INC. • OWNER
Individual WICHITA, KS
$3,300
Sep 30, 2023
8
BEREN, ADAM
BEREXCO • CEO AND PRESIDENT
Individual WICHITA, KS
$3,300
Sep 29, 2023
9
BEREN, ADAM
BEREXCO • CEO AND PRESIDENT
Individual WICHITA, KS
$3,300
Sep 29, 2023
10
CHOUAKE, ESTHER
SELF • PHYSICAN
Individual ENGLEWOOD, NJ
$3,300
Dec 16, 2023

Rep. Houchin, Erin [R-IN-9]

ID: H001093

Top Contributors

10

1
HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE TRIBE OF CALIFORNIA
Organization UPPER LAKE, CA
$3,300
Aug 3, 2023
2
OTOE MISSOURIA TRIBE OF OKLAHOMA
Organization RED ROCK, OK
$3,300
Aug 3, 2023
3
TURTLE MOUNTAIN BAND OF CHIPPEWA OF NORTH DAKOTA
Organization BELCOURT, ND
$3,300
Aug 3, 2023
4
CHEROKEE NATION
Organization TAHLEQUAH, OK
$2,500
Dec 19, 2023
5
BANKE, BARBARA
JACKSON FAMILY FOUNDATION • EXECUTIVE
Individual GEYSERVILLE, CA
$6,600
Dec 7, 2023
6
SCHWARZMAN, CHRISTINE
RETIRED • RETIRED
Individual NEW YORK, NY
$6,600
Mar 6, 2024
7
GRIFFIN, KENNETH
CITADEL LLC • FOUNDER CEO
Individual MIAMI BEACH, FL
$6,600
Apr 10, 2023
8
ROWAN, CAROLYN
CAROLYN ROWAN COLLECTION LLC • EXECUTIVE
Individual GREENWICH, CT
$6,600
Jun 28, 2023
9
ROWAN, MARC
APOLLO MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS • EXECUTIVE
Individual GREENWICH, CT
$6,600
Jun 28, 2023
10
KIESLER, DOUGLAS M MR.
KIESLER POLICE SUPPLY, INC. • CEO
Individual GREENVILLE, IN
$6,600
Feb 22, 2023

Rep. Grothman, Glenn [R-WI-6]

ID: G000576

Top Contributors

10

1
HO CHUNK NATION
Organization BLACK RIVER FALLS, WI
$3,300
Oct 28, 2024
2
GENTINE, LOUIS P. II
SARGENTO • EXECUTIVE
Individual ELKHART LAKE, WI
$13,200
Mar 15, 2024
3
SCHLIFSKE, JOHN E.
NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL • GOVERNMENT RELATIONS
Individual ELM GROVE, WI
$6,600
Mar 22, 2024
4
SCHLIFSKE, KIM C.
HOMEMAKER • HOMEMAKER
Individual ELM GROVE, WI
$6,600
Mar 22, 2024
5
LEVY, EDWARD
EDWARD C LEVY CO • CHAIRMAN
Individual BIRMINGHAM, MI
$6,600
Apr 10, 2024
6
KRESS, DONALD F.
RETIRED • RETIRED
Individual GREEN BAY, WI
$5,000
Nov 22, 2023
7
WELLS, CECELIA A.
RETIRED • RETIRED
Individual MEQUON, WI
$5,000
Jun 30, 2023
8
WELLS, CECELIA
Individual MEQUON, WI
$5,000
Jun 30, 2023
9
AYLWARD, RICHARD J. MR.
RETIRED • RETIRED
Individual NEENAH, WI
$4,000
Mar 15, 2024
10
KRESS, DONALD F.
RETIRED • RETIRED
Individual GREEN BAY, WI
$3,300
Dec 31, 2023

Rep. Mann, Tracey [R-KS-1]

ID: M000871

Top Contributors

10

1
PRAIRIE BAND POTAWATOMI NATION
Organization MAYETTA, KS
$3,300
Jul 18, 2023
2
HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE
Organization UPPER LAKE, CA
$2,500
Sep 9, 2024
3
EASTERN BAND OF CHEROKEE INDIANS
Organization CHEROKEE, NC
$3,300
Mar 28, 2023
4
THE CHICKASAW NATION
Organization ADA, OK
$3,300
Jun 30, 2024
5
EASTERN BAND OF CHEROKEE INDIANS
Organization CHEROKEE, NC
$2,500
Mar 28, 2023
6
BARKER FOR SHERIFF
Organization CLINTON, TN
$1,000
Mar 16, 2023
7
CARBON RIVERS, INC.
Organization KNOXVILLE, TN
$1,000
Mar 16, 2023
8
POLITY GROUP LLC
Organization PORTLAND, OR
$2,500
Oct 28, 2024
9
LYNN D'ELIA TEMES & STANCZYK
Organization SYRACUSE, NY
$1,000
Mar 12, 2024
10
POSARE SALON
Organization HENDERSON, NE
$3,300
May 3, 2024

Rep. Calvert, Ken [R-CA-41]

ID: C000059

Top Contributors

10

1
WINRED
COM ARLINGTON, VA
$2,000
Nov 4, 2024
2
WINRED
COM ARLINGTON, VA
$500
Oct 21, 2024
3
WINRED
COM ARLINGTON, VA
$500
Nov 4, 2024
4
WINRED
COM ARLINGTON, VA
$30
Nov 5, 2024
5
WINRED
COM ARLINGTON, VA
$10
Oct 28, 2024
6
CHEROKEE NATION
Organization TAHLEQUAH, OK
$3,300
Oct 17, 2024
7
TWENTY-NINE PALMS BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
Organization COACHELLA, CA
$3,300
Nov 14, 2024
8
TWENTY-NINE PALMS BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
Organization COACHELLA, CA
$3,300
Nov 14, 2024
9
BARONA BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
Organization LAKESIDE, CA
$3,300
Dec 28, 2024
10
SAN MANUEL BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
Organization HIGHLAND, CA
$3,300
Dec 22, 2023

Rep. Bacon, Don [R-NE-2]

ID: B001298

Top Contributors

10

1
ONEIDA NATION
Organization ONEIDA, WI
$3,300
Mar 28, 2023
2
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
Organization BANNING, CA
$3,300
Mar 28, 2023
3
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
Organization BANNING, CA
$3,300
Mar 28, 2023
4
SAN MANUEL BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
Organization LOS ANGELES, CA
$3,300
Jun 27, 2023
5
ONEIDA NATION
Organization ONEIDA, WI
$3,300
Jun 30, 2024
6
SANTA YNEZ BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
Organization SANTA YNEZ, CA
$2,000
Jun 27, 2023
7
REPUBLICAN MAIN STREET PARTNERSHIP
Organization WASHINGTON, DC
$1,000
Jul 11, 2024
8
CARSON, RUSSELL S.
THE CARSON FAMILY CHARITABLE TRUST • PHILANTHROPY
Individual NEW YORK, NY
$6,600
Apr 24, 2024
9
FRANK, JIM
2FILLC • EXEC
Individual WINNETKA, IL
$6,600
Apr 23, 2024
10
DANIELS, BRANDON
EXIGER • CEO
Individual RICHMOND, VA
$6,600
Apr 21, 2024

Donor Network - Rep. Nunn, Zachary [R-IA-3]

PACs
Organizations
Individuals
Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

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Showing 39 nodes and 39 connections

Total contributions: $175,500

Top Donors - Rep. Nunn, Zachary [R-IA-3]

Showing top 21 donors by contribution amount

3 Orgs18 Individuals

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document. Higher similarity scores indicate stronger thematic connections.

Introduction

Moderate 69.7%
Pages: 40-42

— 7 — Foreword Instead, party leaders negotiate one multitrillion-dollar spending bill—several thousand pages long—and then vote on it before anyone, literally, has had a chance to read it. Debate time is restricted. Amendments are prohibited. And all of this is backed up against a midnight deadline when the previous “omnibus” spending bill will run out and the federal government “shuts down.” This process is not designed to empower 330 million American citizens and their elected representatives, but rather to empower the party elites secretly nego- tiating without any public scrutiny or oversight. In the end, congressional leaders’ behavior and incentives here are no differ- ent from those of global elites insulating policy decisions—over the climate, trade, public health, you name it—from the sovereignty of national electorates. Public scrutiny and democratic accountability make life harder for policymakers—so they skirt it. It’s not dysfunction; it’s corruption. And despite its gaudy price tag, the federal budget is not even close to the worst example of this corruption. That distinction belongs to the “Administrative State,” the dismantling of which must a top priority for the next conservative President. The term Administrative State refers to the policymaking work done by the bureaucracies of all the federal government’s departments, agencies, and millions of employees. Under Article I of the Constitution, “All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives.” That is, federal law is enacted only by elected legislators in both houses of Congress. This exclusive authority was part of the Framers’ doctrine of “separated powers.” They not only split the federal government’s legislative, executive, and judicial powers into different branches. They also gave each branch checks over the others. Under our Constitution, the legislative branch—Congress—is far and away the most powerful and, correspondingly, the most accountable to the people. In recent decades, members of the House and Senate discovered that if they give away that power to the Article II branch of government, they can also deny responsi- bility for its actions. So today in Washington, most policy is no longer set by Congress at all, but by the Administrative State. Given the choice between being powerful but vulnerable or irrelevant but famous, most Members of Congress have chosen the latter. Congress passes intentionally vague laws that delegate decision-making over a given issue to a federal agency. That agency’s bureaucrats—not just unelected but seemingly un-fireable—then leap at the chance to fill the vacuum created by Congress’s preening cowardice. The federal government is growing larger and less constitutionally accountable—even to the President—every year. l A combination of elected and unelected bureaucrats at the Environmental Protection Agency quietly strangles domestic energy production through difficult-to-understand rulemaking processes; — 8 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise l Bureaucrats at the Department of Homeland Security, following the lead of a feckless Administration, order border and immigration enforcement agencies to help migrants criminally enter our country with impunity; l Bureaucrats at the Department of Education inject racist, anti-American, ahistorical propaganda into America’s classrooms; l Bureaucrats at the Department of Justice force school districts to undermine girls’ sports and parents’ rights to satisfy transgender extremists; l Woke bureaucrats at the Pentagon force troops to attend “training” seminars about “white privilege”; and l Bureaucrats at the State Department infuse U.S. foreign aid programs with woke extremism about “intersectionality” and abortion.3 Unaccountable federal spending is the secret lifeblood of the Great Awokening. Nearly every power center held by the Left is funded or supported, one way or another, through the bureaucracy by Congress. Colleges and school districts are funded by tax dollars. The Administrative State holds 100 percent of its power at the sufferance of Congress, and its insulation from presidential discipline is an unconstitutional fairy tale spun by the Washington Establishment to protect its turf. Members of Congress shield themselves from constitutional accountability often when the White House allows them to get away with it. Cultural institutions like public libraries and public health agencies are only as “independent” from public accountability as elected officials and voters permit. Let’s be clear: The most egregious regulations promulgated by the current Administration come from one place: the Oval Office. The President cannot hide behind the agencies; as his many executive orders make clear, his is the respon- sibility for the regulations that threaten American communities, schools, and families. A conservative President must move swiftly to do away with these vast abuses of presidential power and remove the career and political bureaucrats who fuel it. Properly considered, restoring fiscal limits and constitutional accountability to the federal government is a continuation of restoring national sovereignty to the American people. In foreign affairs, global strategy, federal budgeting and pol- icymaking, the same pattern emerges again and again. Ruling elites slash and tear at restrictions and accountability placed on them. They centralize power up and away from the American people: to supra-national treaties and organizations, to left-wing “experts,” to sight-unseen all-or-nothing legislating, to the unelected career bureaucrats of the Administrative State.

Introduction

Moderate 69.7%
Pages: 40-42

— 7 — Foreword Instead, party leaders negotiate one multitrillion-dollar spending bill—several thousand pages long—and then vote on it before anyone, literally, has had a chance to read it. Debate time is restricted. Amendments are prohibited. And all of this is backed up against a midnight deadline when the previous “omnibus” spending bill will run out and the federal government “shuts down.” This process is not designed to empower 330 million American citizens and their elected representatives, but rather to empower the party elites secretly nego- tiating without any public scrutiny or oversight. In the end, congressional leaders’ behavior and incentives here are no differ- ent from those of global elites insulating policy decisions—over the climate, trade, public health, you name it—from the sovereignty of national electorates. Public scrutiny and democratic accountability make life harder for policymakers—so they skirt it. It’s not dysfunction; it’s corruption. And despite its gaudy price tag, the federal budget is not even close to the worst example of this corruption. That distinction belongs to the “Administrative State,” the dismantling of which must a top priority for the next conservative President. The term Administrative State refers to the policymaking work done by the bureaucracies of all the federal government’s departments, agencies, and millions of employees. Under Article I of the Constitution, “All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives.” That is, federal law is enacted only by elected legislators in both houses of Congress. This exclusive authority was part of the Framers’ doctrine of “separated powers.” They not only split the federal government’s legislative, executive, and judicial powers into different branches. They also gave each branch checks over the others. Under our Constitution, the legislative branch—Congress—is far and away the most powerful and, correspondingly, the most accountable to the people. In recent decades, members of the House and Senate discovered that if they give away that power to the Article II branch of government, they can also deny responsi- bility for its actions. So today in Washington, most policy is no longer set by Congress at all, but by the Administrative State. Given the choice between being powerful but vulnerable or irrelevant but famous, most Members of Congress have chosen the latter. Congress passes intentionally vague laws that delegate decision-making over a given issue to a federal agency. That agency’s bureaucrats—not just unelected but seemingly un-fireable—then leap at the chance to fill the vacuum created by Congress’s preening cowardice. The federal government is growing larger and less constitutionally accountable—even to the President—every year. l A combination of elected and unelected bureaucrats at the Environmental Protection Agency quietly strangles domestic energy production through difficult-to-understand rulemaking processes;

About These Correlations

Policy matches are calculated using semantic similarity between bill summaries and Project 2025 policy text. A score of 60% or higher indicates meaningful thematic overlap. This does not imply direct causation or intent, but highlights areas where legislation aligns with Project 2025 policy objectives.